diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 398763f..bd9237e 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -957,7 +957,9 @@
         total += isamp;
     }
 
-    mixeng_volume (sw->buf, ret, &sw->vol);
+    if (!(hw->ctl_caps & VOICE_VOLUME_CAP)) {
+        mixeng_volume (sw->buf, ret, &sw->vol);
+    }
 
     sw->clip (buf, sw->buf, ret);
     sw->total_hw_samples_acquired += total;
@@ -1041,7 +1043,10 @@
     swlim = audio_MIN (swlim, samples);
     if (swlim) {
         sw->conv (sw->buf, buf, swlim);
-        mixeng_volume (sw->buf, swlim, &sw->vol);
+
+        if (!(sw->hw->ctl_caps & VOICE_VOLUME_CAP)) {
+            mixeng_volume (sw->buf, swlim, &sw->vol);
+        }
     }
 
     while (swlim) {
@@ -2053,17 +2058,29 @@
 void AUD_set_volume_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int mute, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol)
 {
     if (sw) {
+        HWVoiceOut *hw = sw->hw;
+
         sw->vol.mute = mute;
         sw->vol.l = nominal_volume.l * lvol / 255;
         sw->vol.r = nominal_volume.r * rvol / 255;
+
+        if (hw->pcm_ops->ctl_out) {
+            hw->pcm_ops->ctl_out (hw, VOICE_VOLUME, sw);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 void AUD_set_volume_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, int mute, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol)
 {
     if (sw) {
+        HWVoiceIn *hw = sw->hw;
+
         sw->vol.mute = mute;
         sw->vol.l = nominal_volume.l * lvol / 255;
         sw->vol.r = nominal_volume.r * rvol / 255;
+
+        if (hw->pcm_ops->ctl_in) {
+            hw->pcm_ops->ctl_in (hw, VOICE_VOLUME, sw);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index 2003f8b..b9b0676 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
     int samples;
     QLIST_HEAD (sw_out_listhead, SWVoiceOut) sw_head;
     QLIST_HEAD (sw_cap_listhead, SWVoiceCap) cap_head;
+    int ctl_caps;
     struct audio_pcm_ops *pcm_ops;
     QLIST_ENTRY (HWVoiceOut) entries;
 } HWVoiceOut;
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@
 
     int samples;
     QLIST_HEAD (sw_in_listhead, SWVoiceIn) sw_head;
+    int ctl_caps;
     struct audio_pcm_ops *pcm_ops;
     QLIST_ENTRY (HWVoiceIn) entries;
 } HWVoiceIn;
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@
     int max_voices_in;
     int voice_size_out;
     int voice_size_in;
+    int ctl_caps;
 };
 
 struct audio_pcm_ops {
@@ -231,6 +234,9 @@
 
 #define VOICE_ENABLE 1
 #define VOICE_DISABLE 2
+#define VOICE_VOLUME 3
+
+#define VOICE_VOLUME_CAP (1 << VOICE_VOLUME)
 
 static inline int audio_ring_dist (int dst, int src, int len)
 {
diff --git a/audio/audio_template.h b/audio/audio_template.h
index e62a713..519432a 100644
--- a/audio/audio_template.h
+++ b/audio/audio_template.h
@@ -263,6 +263,8 @@
     }
 
     hw->pcm_ops = drv->pcm_ops;
+    hw->ctl_caps = drv->ctl_caps;
+
     QLIST_INIT (&hw->sw_head);
 #ifdef DAC
     QLIST_INIT (&hw->cap_head);
diff --git a/audio/paaudio.c b/audio/paaudio.c
index d1f3912..e6708d0 100644
--- a/audio/paaudio.c
+++ b/audio/paaudio.c
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 #include "qemu-common.h"
 #include "audio.h"
 
-#include <pulse/simple.h>
-#include <pulse/error.h>
+#include <pulse/pulseaudio.h>
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "pulseaudio"
 #include "audio_int.h"
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@
     int live;
     int decr;
     int rpos;
-    pa_simple *s;
+    pa_stream *stream;
     void *pcm_buf;
     struct audio_pt pt;
 } PAVoiceOut;
@@ -26,17 +25,23 @@
     int dead;
     int incr;
     int wpos;
-    pa_simple *s;
+    pa_stream *stream;
     void *pcm_buf;
     struct audio_pt pt;
+    const void *read_data;
+    size_t read_index, read_length;
 } PAVoiceIn;
 
-static struct {
+typedef struct {
     int samples;
     char *server;
     char *sink;
     char *source;
-} conf = {
+    pa_threaded_mainloop *mainloop;
+    pa_context *context;
+} paaudio;
+
+static paaudio glob_paaudio = {
     .samples = 4096,
 };
 
@@ -51,6 +56,126 @@
     AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: %s\n", pa_strerror (err));
 }
 
+#define CHECK_SUCCESS_GOTO(c, rerror, expression, label)        \
+    do {                                                        \
+        if (!(expression)) {                                    \
+            if (rerror) {                                       \
+                *(rerror) = pa_context_errno ((c)->context);    \
+            }                                                   \
+            goto label;                                         \
+        }                                                       \
+    } while (0);
+
+#define CHECK_DEAD_GOTO(c, stream, rerror, label)                       \
+    do {                                                                \
+        if (!(c)->context || !PA_CONTEXT_IS_GOOD (pa_context_get_state((c)->context)) || \
+            !(stream) || !PA_STREAM_IS_GOOD (pa_stream_get_state ((stream)))) { \
+            if (((c)->context && pa_context_get_state ((c)->context) == PA_CONTEXT_FAILED) || \
+                ((stream) && pa_stream_get_state ((stream)) == PA_STREAM_FAILED)) { \
+                if (rerror) {                                           \
+                    *(rerror) = pa_context_errno ((c)->context);        \
+                }                                                       \
+            } else {                                                    \
+                if (rerror) {                                           \
+                    *(rerror) = PA_ERR_BADSTATE;                        \
+                }                                                       \
+            }                                                           \
+            goto label;                                                 \
+        }                                                               \
+    } while (0);
+
+static int qpa_simple_read (PAVoiceIn *p, void *data, size_t length, int *rerror)
+{
+    paaudio *g = &glob_paaudio;
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_lock (g->mainloop);
+
+    CHECK_DEAD_GOTO (g, p->stream, rerror, unlock_and_fail);
+
+    while (length > 0) {
+        size_t l;
+
+        while (!p->read_data) {
+            int r;
+
+            r = pa_stream_peek (p->stream, &p->read_data, &p->read_length);
+            CHECK_SUCCESS_GOTO (g, rerror, r == 0, unlock_and_fail);
+
+            if (!p->read_data) {
+                pa_threaded_mainloop_wait (g->mainloop);
+                CHECK_DEAD_GOTO (g, p->stream, rerror, unlock_and_fail);
+            } else {
+                p->read_index = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        l = p->read_length < length ? p->read_length : length;
+        memcpy (data, (const uint8_t *) p->read_data+p->read_index, l);
+
+        data = (uint8_t *) data + l;
+        length -= l;
+
+        p->read_index += l;
+        p->read_length -= l;
+
+        if (!p->read_length) {
+            int r;
+
+            r = pa_stream_drop (p->stream);
+            p->read_data = NULL;
+            p->read_length = 0;
+            p->read_index = 0;
+
+            CHECK_SUCCESS_GOTO (g, rerror, r == 0, unlock_and_fail);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+    return 0;
+
+unlock_and_fail:
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static int qpa_simple_write (PAVoiceOut *p, const void *data, size_t length, int *rerror)
+{
+    paaudio *g = &glob_paaudio;
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_lock (g->mainloop);
+
+    CHECK_DEAD_GOTO (g, p->stream, rerror, unlock_and_fail);
+
+    while (length > 0) {
+        size_t l;
+        int r;
+
+        while (!(l = pa_stream_writable_size (p->stream))) {
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_wait (g->mainloop);
+            CHECK_DEAD_GOTO (g, p->stream, rerror, unlock_and_fail);
+        }
+
+        CHECK_SUCCESS_GOTO (g, rerror, l != (size_t) -1, unlock_and_fail);
+
+        if (l > length) {
+            l = length;
+        }
+
+        r = pa_stream_write (p->stream, data, l, NULL, 0LL, PA_SEEK_RELATIVE);
+        CHECK_SUCCESS_GOTO (g, rerror, r >= 0, unlock_and_fail);
+
+        data = (const uint8_t *) data + l;
+        length -= l;
+    }
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+    return 0;
+
+unlock_and_fail:
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+    return -1;
+}
+
 static void *qpa_thread_out (void *arg)
 {
     PAVoiceOut *pa = arg;
@@ -77,7 +202,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        decr = to_mix = audio_MIN (pa->live, conf.samples >> 2);
+        decr = to_mix = audio_MIN (pa->live, glob_paaudio.samples >> 2);
         rpos = pa->rpos;
 
         if (audio_pt_unlock (&pa->pt, AUDIO_FUNC)) {
@@ -91,8 +216,8 @@
 
             hw->clip (pa->pcm_buf, src, chunk);
 
-            if (pa_simple_write (pa->s, pa->pcm_buf,
-                                 chunk << hw->info.shift, &error) < 0) {
+            if (qpa_simple_write (pa, pa->pcm_buf,
+                                  chunk << hw->info.shift, &error) < 0) {
                 qpa_logerr (error, "pa_simple_write failed\n");
                 return NULL;
             }
@@ -169,7 +294,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        incr = to_grab = audio_MIN (pa->dead, conf.samples >> 2);
+        incr = to_grab = audio_MIN (pa->dead, glob_paaudio.samples >> 2);
         wpos = pa->wpos;
 
         if (audio_pt_unlock (&pa->pt, AUDIO_FUNC)) {
@@ -181,8 +306,8 @@
             int chunk = audio_MIN (to_grab, hw->samples - wpos);
             void *buf = advance (pa->pcm_buf, wpos);
 
-            if (pa_simple_read (pa->s, buf,
-                                chunk << hw->info.shift, &error) < 0) {
+            if (qpa_simple_read (pa, buf,
+                                 chunk << hw->info.shift, &error) < 0) {
                 qpa_logerr (error, "pa_simple_read failed\n");
                 return NULL;
             }
@@ -283,6 +408,109 @@
     }
 }
 
+static void context_state_cb (pa_context *c, void *userdata)
+{
+    paaudio *g = &glob_paaudio;
+
+    switch (pa_context_get_state(c)) {
+    case PA_CONTEXT_READY:
+    case PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED:
+    case PA_CONTEXT_FAILED:
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_signal (g->mainloop, 0);
+        break;
+
+    case PA_CONTEXT_UNCONNECTED:
+    case PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING:
+    case PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING:
+    case PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void stream_state_cb (pa_stream *s, void * userdata)
+{
+    paaudio *g = &glob_paaudio;
+
+    switch (pa_stream_get_state (s)) {
+
+    case PA_STREAM_READY:
+    case PA_STREAM_FAILED:
+    case PA_STREAM_TERMINATED:
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_signal (g->mainloop, 0);
+        break;
+
+    case PA_STREAM_UNCONNECTED:
+    case PA_STREAM_CREATING:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void stream_request_cb (pa_stream *s, size_t length, void *userdata)
+{
+    paaudio *g = &glob_paaudio;
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_signal (g->mainloop, 0);
+}
+
+static pa_stream *qpa_simple_new (
+        const char *server,
+        const char *name,
+        pa_stream_direction_t dir,
+        const char *dev,
+        const char *stream_name,
+        const pa_sample_spec *ss,
+        const pa_channel_map *map,
+        const pa_buffer_attr *attr,
+        int *rerror)
+{
+    paaudio *g = &glob_paaudio;
+    int r;
+    pa_stream *stream;
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_lock (g->mainloop);
+
+    stream = pa_stream_new (g->context, name, ss, map);
+    if (!stream) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    pa_stream_set_state_callback (stream, stream_state_cb, g);
+    pa_stream_set_read_callback (stream, stream_request_cb, g);
+    pa_stream_set_write_callback (stream, stream_request_cb, g);
+
+    if (dir == PA_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
+        r = pa_stream_connect_playback (stream, dev, attr,
+                                        PA_STREAM_INTERPOLATE_TIMING
+                                        |PA_STREAM_ADJUST_LATENCY
+                                        |PA_STREAM_AUTO_TIMING_UPDATE, NULL, NULL);
+    } else {
+        r = pa_stream_connect_record (stream, dev, attr,
+                                      PA_STREAM_INTERPOLATE_TIMING
+                                      |PA_STREAM_ADJUST_LATENCY
+                                      |PA_STREAM_AUTO_TIMING_UPDATE);
+    }
+
+    if (r < 0) {
+      goto fail;
+    }
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+
+    return stream;
+
+fail:
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+
+    if (stream) {
+        pa_stream_unref (stream);
+    }
+
+    qpa_logerr (pa_context_errno (g->context),
+                "stream_new() failed\n");
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 static int qpa_init_out (HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as)
 {
     int error;
@@ -306,24 +534,24 @@
 
     obt_as.fmt = pa_to_audfmt (ss.format, &obt_as.endianness);
 
-    pa->s = pa_simple_new (
-        conf.server,
+    pa->stream = qpa_simple_new (
+        glob_paaudio.server,
         "qemu",
         PA_STREAM_PLAYBACK,
-        conf.sink,
+        glob_paaudio.sink,
         "pcm.playback",
         &ss,
         NULL,                   /* channel map */
         &ba,                    /* buffering attributes */
         &error
         );
-    if (!pa->s) {
+    if (!pa->stream) {
         qpa_logerr (error, "pa_simple_new for playback failed\n");
         goto fail1;
     }
 
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, &obt_as);
-    hw->samples = conf.samples;
+    hw->samples = glob_paaudio.samples;
     pa->pcm_buf = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, hw->samples, 1 << hw->info.shift);
     pa->rpos = hw->rpos;
     if (!pa->pcm_buf) {
@@ -342,8 +570,10 @@
     g_free (pa->pcm_buf);
     pa->pcm_buf = NULL;
  fail2:
-    pa_simple_free (pa->s);
-    pa->s = NULL;
+    if (pa->stream) {
+        pa_stream_unref (pa->stream);
+        pa->stream = NULL;
+    }
  fail1:
     return -1;
 }
@@ -361,24 +591,24 @@
 
     obt_as.fmt = pa_to_audfmt (ss.format, &obt_as.endianness);
 
-    pa->s = pa_simple_new (
-        conf.server,
+    pa->stream = qpa_simple_new (
+        glob_paaudio.server,
         "qemu",
         PA_STREAM_RECORD,
-        conf.source,
+        glob_paaudio.source,
         "pcm.capture",
         &ss,
         NULL,                   /* channel map */
         NULL,                   /* buffering attributes */
         &error
         );
-    if (!pa->s) {
+    if (!pa->stream) {
         qpa_logerr (error, "pa_simple_new for capture failed\n");
         goto fail1;
     }
 
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, &obt_as);
-    hw->samples = conf.samples;
+    hw->samples = glob_paaudio.samples;
     pa->pcm_buf = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, hw->samples, 1 << hw->info.shift);
     pa->wpos = hw->wpos;
     if (!pa->pcm_buf) {
@@ -397,8 +627,10 @@
     g_free (pa->pcm_buf);
     pa->pcm_buf = NULL;
  fail2:
-    pa_simple_free (pa->s);
-    pa->s = NULL;
+    if (pa->stream) {
+        pa_stream_unref (pa->stream);
+        pa->stream = NULL;
+    }
  fail1:
     return -1;
 }
@@ -413,9 +645,9 @@
     audio_pt_unlock_and_signal (&pa->pt, AUDIO_FUNC);
     audio_pt_join (&pa->pt, &ret, AUDIO_FUNC);
 
-    if (pa->s) {
-        pa_simple_free (pa->s);
-        pa->s = NULL;
+    if (pa->stream) {
+        pa_stream_unref (pa->stream);
+        pa->stream = NULL;
     }
 
     audio_pt_fini (&pa->pt, AUDIO_FUNC);
@@ -433,9 +665,9 @@
     audio_pt_unlock_and_signal (&pa->pt, AUDIO_FUNC);
     audio_pt_join (&pa->pt, &ret, AUDIO_FUNC);
 
-    if (pa->s) {
-        pa_simple_free (pa->s);
-        pa->s = NULL;
+    if (pa->stream) {
+        pa_stream_unref (pa->stream);
+        pa->stream = NULL;
     }
 
     audio_pt_fini (&pa->pt, AUDIO_FUNC);
@@ -445,52 +677,209 @@
 
 static int qpa_ctl_out (HWVoiceOut *hw, int cmd, ...)
 {
-    (void) hw;
-    (void) cmd;
+    PAVoiceOut *pa = (PAVoiceOut *) hw;
+    pa_operation *op;
+    pa_cvolume v;
+    paaudio *g = &glob_paaudio;
+
+    pa_cvolume_init (&v);
+
+    switch (cmd) {
+    case VOICE_VOLUME:
+        {
+            SWVoiceOut *sw;
+            va_list ap;
+
+            va_start (ap, cmd);
+            sw = va_arg (ap, SWVoiceOut *);
+            va_end (ap);
+
+            v.channels = 2;
+            v.values[0] = ((PA_VOLUME_NORM - PA_VOLUME_MUTED) * sw->vol.l) / UINT32_MAX;
+            v.values[1] = ((PA_VOLUME_NORM - PA_VOLUME_MUTED) * sw->vol.r) / UINT32_MAX;
+
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_lock (g->mainloop);
+
+            op = pa_context_set_sink_input_volume (g->context,
+                pa_stream_get_index (pa->stream),
+                &v, NULL, NULL);
+            if (!op)
+                qpa_logerr (pa_context_errno (g->context),
+                            "set_sink_input_volume() failed\n");
+            else
+                pa_operation_unref (op);
+
+            op = pa_context_set_sink_input_mute (g->context,
+                pa_stream_get_index (pa->stream),
+               sw->vol.mute, NULL, NULL);
+            if (!op) {
+                qpa_logerr (pa_context_errno (g->context),
+                            "set_sink_input_mute() failed\n");
+            } else {
+                pa_operation_unref (op);
+            }
+
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+        }
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int qpa_ctl_in (HWVoiceIn *hw, int cmd, ...)
 {
-    (void) hw;
-    (void) cmd;
+    PAVoiceIn *pa = (PAVoiceIn *) hw;
+    pa_operation *op;
+    pa_cvolume v;
+    paaudio *g = &glob_paaudio;
+
+    pa_cvolume_init (&v);
+
+    switch (cmd) {
+    case VOICE_VOLUME:
+        {
+            SWVoiceIn *sw;
+            va_list ap;
+
+            va_start (ap, cmd);
+            sw = va_arg (ap, SWVoiceIn *);
+            va_end (ap);
+
+            v.channels = 2;
+            v.values[0] = ((PA_VOLUME_NORM - PA_VOLUME_MUTED) * sw->vol.l) / UINT32_MAX;
+            v.values[1] = ((PA_VOLUME_NORM - PA_VOLUME_MUTED) * sw->vol.r) / UINT32_MAX;
+
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_lock (g->mainloop);
+
+            /* FIXME: use the upcoming "set_source_output_{volume,mute}" */
+            op = pa_context_set_source_volume_by_index (g->context,
+                pa_stream_get_device_index (pa->stream),
+                &v, NULL, NULL);
+            if (!op) {
+                qpa_logerr (pa_context_errno (g->context),
+                            "set_source_volume() failed\n");
+            } else {
+                pa_operation_unref(op);
+            }
+
+            op = pa_context_set_source_mute_by_index (g->context,
+                pa_stream_get_index (pa->stream),
+                sw->vol.mute, NULL, NULL);
+            if (!op) {
+                qpa_logerr (pa_context_errno (g->context),
+                            "set_source_mute() failed\n");
+            } else {
+                pa_operation_unref (op);
+            }
+
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+        }
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
 /* common */
 static void *qpa_audio_init (void)
 {
-    return &conf;
+    paaudio *g = &glob_paaudio;
+
+    g->mainloop = pa_threaded_mainloop_new ();
+    if (!g->mainloop) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    g->context = pa_context_new (pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api (g->mainloop), glob_paaudio.server);
+    if (!g->context) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    pa_context_set_state_callback (g->context, context_state_cb, g);
+
+    if (pa_context_connect (g->context, glob_paaudio.server, 0, NULL) < 0) {
+        qpa_logerr (pa_context_errno (g->context),
+                    "pa_context_connect() failed\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_lock (g->mainloop);
+
+    if (pa_threaded_mainloop_start (g->mainloop) < 0) {
+        goto unlock_and_fail;
+    }
+
+    for (;;) {
+        pa_context_state_t state;
+
+        state = pa_context_get_state (g->context);
+
+        if (state == PA_CONTEXT_READY) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (!PA_CONTEXT_IS_GOOD (state)) {
+            qpa_logerr (pa_context_errno (g->context),
+                        "Wrong context state\n");
+            goto unlock_and_fail;
+        }
+
+        /* Wait until the context is ready */
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_wait (g->mainloop);
+    }
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+
+    return &glob_paaudio;
+
+unlock_and_fail:
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock (g->mainloop);
+fail:
+    AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Failed to initialize PA context");
+    return NULL;
 }
 
 static void qpa_audio_fini (void *opaque)
 {
-    (void) opaque;
+    paaudio *g = opaque;
+
+    if (g->mainloop) {
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_stop (g->mainloop);
+    }
+
+    if (g->context) {
+        pa_context_disconnect (g->context);
+        pa_context_unref (g->context);
+        g->context = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (g->mainloop) {
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_free (g->mainloop);
+    }
+
+    g->mainloop = NULL;
 }
 
 struct audio_option qpa_options[] = {
     {
         .name  = "SAMPLES",
         .tag   = AUD_OPT_INT,
-        .valp  = &conf.samples,
+        .valp  = &glob_paaudio.samples,
         .descr = "buffer size in samples"
     },
     {
         .name  = "SERVER",
         .tag   = AUD_OPT_STR,
-        .valp  = &conf.server,
+        .valp  = &glob_paaudio.server,
         .descr = "server address"
     },
     {
         .name  = "SINK",
         .tag   = AUD_OPT_STR,
-        .valp  = &conf.sink,
+        .valp  = &glob_paaudio.sink,
         .descr = "sink device name"
     },
     {
         .name  = "SOURCE",
         .tag   = AUD_OPT_STR,
-        .valp  = &conf.source,
+        .valp  = &glob_paaudio.source,
         .descr = "source device name"
     },
     { /* End of list */ }
@@ -521,5 +910,6 @@
     .max_voices_out = INT_MAX,
     .max_voices_in  = INT_MAX,
     .voice_size_out = sizeof (PAVoiceOut),
-    .voice_size_in  = sizeof (PAVoiceIn)
+    .voice_size_in  = sizeof (PAVoiceIn),
+    .ctl_caps       = VOICE_VOLUME_CAP
 };
diff --git a/audio/spiceaudio.c b/audio/spiceaudio.c
index f972110..6f15591 100644
--- a/audio/spiceaudio.c
+++ b/audio/spiceaudio.c
@@ -202,7 +202,26 @@
         }
         spice_server_playback_stop (&out->sin);
         break;
+    case VOICE_VOLUME:
+        {
+#if ((SPICE_INTERFACE_PLAYBACK_MAJOR >= 1) && (SPICE_INTERFACE_PLAYBACK_MINOR >= 2))
+            SWVoiceOut *sw;
+            va_list ap;
+            uint16_t vol[2];
+
+            va_start (ap, cmd);
+            sw = va_arg (ap, SWVoiceOut *);
+            va_end (ap);
+
+            vol[0] = sw->vol.l / ((1ULL << 16) + 1);
+            vol[1] = sw->vol.r / ((1ULL << 16) + 1);
+            spice_server_playback_set_volume (&out->sin, 2, vol);
+            spice_server_playback_set_mute (&out->sin, sw->vol.mute);
+#endif
+            break;
+        }
     }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -304,7 +323,26 @@
         in->active = 0;
         spice_server_record_stop (&in->sin);
         break;
+    case VOICE_VOLUME:
+        {
+#if ((SPICE_INTERFACE_RECORD_MAJOR >= 2) && (SPICE_INTERFACE_RECORD_MINOR >= 2))
+            SWVoiceIn *sw;
+            va_list ap;
+            uint16_t vol[2];
+
+            va_start (ap, cmd);
+            sw = va_arg (ap, SWVoiceIn *);
+            va_end (ap);
+
+            vol[0] = sw->vol.l / ((1ULL << 16) + 1);
+            vol[1] = sw->vol.r / ((1ULL << 16) + 1);
+            spice_server_record_set_volume (&in->sin, 2, vol);
+            spice_server_record_set_mute (&in->sin, sw->vol.mute);
+#endif
+            break;
+        }
     }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -337,6 +375,9 @@
     .max_voices_in  = 1,
     .voice_size_out = sizeof (SpiceVoiceOut),
     .voice_size_in  = sizeof (SpiceVoiceIn),
+#if ((SPICE_INTERFACE_PLAYBACK_MAJOR >= 1) && (SPICE_INTERFACE_PLAYBACK_MINOR >= 2))
+    .ctl_caps       = VOICE_VOLUME_CAP
+#endif
 };
 
 void qemu_spice_audio_init (void)
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 1d94acd..2d62d12 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -1855,9 +1855,9 @@
     ;;
 
     pa)
-    audio_drv_probe $drv pulse/simple.h "-lpulse-simple -lpulse" \
-        "pa_simple *s = 0; pa_simple_free(s); return 0;"
-    libs_softmmu="-lpulse -lpulse-simple $libs_softmmu"
+    audio_drv_probe $drv pulse/mainloop.h "-lpulse" \
+        "pa_mainloop *m = 0; pa_mainloop_free (m); return 0;"
+    libs_softmmu="-lpulse $libs_softmmu"
     audio_pt_int="yes"
     ;;
 
diff --git a/hw/ac97.c b/hw/ac97.c
index c0fd019..177f729 100644
--- a/hw/ac97.c
+++ b/hw/ac97.c
@@ -118,7 +118,6 @@
 #define EACS_VRA 1
 #define EACS_VRM 8
 
-#define VOL_MASK 0x1f
 #define MUTE_SHIFT 15
 
 #define REC_MASK 7
@@ -437,83 +436,55 @@
     AUD_set_active_in (s->voice_mc, active[MC_INDEX]);
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_MIXER
-static void set_volume (AC97LinkState *s, int index,
-                        audmixerctl_t mt, uint32_t val)
+static void get_volume (uint16_t vol, uint16_t mask, int inverse,
+                        int *mute, uint8_t *lvol, uint8_t *rvol)
 {
-    int mute = (val >> MUTE_SHIFT) & 1;
-    uint8_t rvol = VOL_MASK - (val & VOL_MASK);
-    uint8_t lvol = VOL_MASK - ((val >> 8) & VOL_MASK);
-    rvol = 255 * rvol / VOL_MASK;
-    lvol = 255 * lvol / VOL_MASK;
+    *mute = (vol >> MUTE_SHIFT) & 1;
+    *rvol = (255 * (vol & mask)) / mask;
+    *lvol = (255 * ((vol >> 8) & mask)) / mask;
 
-#ifdef SOFT_VOLUME
-    if (index == AC97_Master_Volume_Mute) {
-        AUD_set_volume_out (s->voice_po, mute, lvol, rvol);
+    if (inverse) {
+        *rvol = 255 - *rvol;
+        *lvol = 255 - *lvol;
     }
-    else {
-        AUD_set_volume (mt, &mute, &lvol, &rvol);
-    }
-#else
-    AUD_set_volume (mt, &mute, &lvol, &rvol);
-#endif
+}
 
-    rvol = VOL_MASK - ((VOL_MASK * rvol) / 255);
-    lvol = VOL_MASK - ((VOL_MASK * lvol) / 255);
+static void update_combined_volume_out (AC97LinkState *s)
+{
+    uint8_t lvol, rvol, plvol, prvol;
+    int mute, pmute;
+
+    get_volume (mixer_load (s, AC97_Master_Volume_Mute), 0x3f, 1,
+                &mute, &lvol, &rvol);
+    /* FIXME: should be 1f according to spec */
+    get_volume (mixer_load (s, AC97_PCM_Out_Volume_Mute), 0x3f, 1,
+                &pmute, &plvol, &prvol);
+
+    mute = mute | pmute;
+    lvol = (lvol * plvol) / 255;
+    rvol = (rvol * prvol) / 255;
+
+    AUD_set_volume_out (s->voice_po, mute, lvol, rvol);
+}
+
+static void update_volume_in (AC97LinkState *s)
+{
+    uint8_t lvol, rvol;
+    int mute;
+
+    get_volume (mixer_load (s, AC97_Record_Gain_Mute), 0x0f, 0,
+                &mute, &lvol, &rvol);
+
+    AUD_set_volume_in (s->voice_pi, mute, lvol, rvol);
+}
+
+static void set_volume (AC97LinkState *s, int index, uint32_t val)
+{
     mixer_store (s, index, val);
-}
-
-static audrecsource_t ac97_to_aud_record_source (uint8_t i)
-{
-    switch (i) {
-    case REC_MIC:
-        return AUD_REC_MIC;
-
-    case REC_CD:
-        return AUD_REC_CD;
-
-    case REC_VIDEO:
-        return AUD_REC_VIDEO;
-
-    case REC_AUX:
-        return AUD_REC_AUX;
-
-    case REC_LINE_IN:
-        return AUD_REC_LINE_IN;
-
-    case REC_PHONE:
-        return AUD_REC_PHONE;
-
-    default:
-        dolog ("Unknown record source %d, using MIC\n", i);
-        return AUD_REC_MIC;
-    }
-}
-
-static uint8_t aud_to_ac97_record_source (audrecsource_t rs)
-{
-    switch (rs) {
-    case AUD_REC_MIC:
-        return REC_MIC;
-
-    case AUD_REC_CD:
-        return REC_CD;
-
-    case AUD_REC_VIDEO:
-        return REC_VIDEO;
-
-    case AUD_REC_AUX:
-        return REC_AUX;
-
-    case AUD_REC_LINE_IN:
-        return REC_LINE_IN;
-
-    case AUD_REC_PHONE:
-        return REC_PHONE;
-
-    default:
-        dolog ("Unknown audio recording source %d using MIC\n", rs);
-        return REC_MIC;
+    if (index == AC97_Master_Volume_Mute || index == AC97_PCM_Out_Volume_Mute) {
+        update_combined_volume_out (s);
+    } else if (index == AC97_Record_Gain_Mute) {
+        update_volume_in (s);
     }
 }
 
@@ -521,14 +492,8 @@
 {
     uint8_t rs = val & REC_MASK;
     uint8_t ls = (val >> 8) & REC_MASK;
-    audrecsource_t ars = ac97_to_aud_record_source (rs);
-    audrecsource_t als = ac97_to_aud_record_source (ls);
-    AUD_set_record_source (&als, &ars);
-    rs = aud_to_ac97_record_source (ars);
-    ls = aud_to_ac97_record_source (als);
     mixer_store (s, AC97_Record_Select, rs | (ls << 8));
 }
-#endif
 
 static void mixer_reset (AC97LinkState *s)
 {
@@ -564,12 +529,11 @@
     mixer_store (s, AC97_PCM_LR_ADC_Rate         , 0xbb80);
     mixer_store (s, AC97_MIC_ADC_Rate            , 0xbb80);
 
-#ifdef USE_MIXER
     record_select (s, 0);
-    set_volume (s, AC97_Master_Volume_Mute, AUD_MIXER_VOLUME  , 0x8000);
-    set_volume (s, AC97_PCM_Out_Volume_Mute, AUD_MIXER_PCM    , 0x8808);
-    set_volume (s, AC97_Line_In_Volume_Mute, AUD_MIXER_LINE_IN, 0x8808);
-#endif
+    set_volume (s, AC97_Master_Volume_Mute, 0x8000);
+    set_volume (s, AC97_PCM_Out_Volume_Mute, 0x8808);
+    set_volume (s, AC97_Line_In_Volume_Mute, 0x8808);
+
     reset_voices (s, active);
 }
 
@@ -628,20 +592,15 @@
         val |= mixer_load (s, index) & 0xf;
         mixer_store (s, index, val);
         break;
-#ifdef USE_MIXER
-    case AC97_Master_Volume_Mute:
-        set_volume (s, index, AUD_MIXER_VOLUME, val);
-        break;
     case AC97_PCM_Out_Volume_Mute:
-        set_volume (s, index, AUD_MIXER_PCM, val);
-        break;
+    case AC97_Master_Volume_Mute:
+    case AC97_Record_Gain_Mute:
     case AC97_Line_In_Volume_Mute:
-        set_volume (s, index, AUD_MIXER_LINE_IN, val);
+        set_volume (s, index, val);
         break;
     case AC97_Record_Select:
         record_select (s, val);
         break;
-#endif
     case AC97_Vendor_ID1:
     case AC97_Vendor_ID2:
         dolog ("Attempt to write vendor ID to %#x\n", val);
@@ -1194,14 +1153,14 @@
     uint8_t active[LAST_INDEX];
     AC97LinkState *s = opaque;
 
-#ifdef USE_MIXER
     record_select (s, mixer_load (s, AC97_Record_Select));
-#define V_(a, b) set_volume (s, a, b, mixer_load (s, a))
-    V_ (AC97_Master_Volume_Mute, AUD_MIXER_VOLUME);
-    V_ (AC97_PCM_Out_Volume_Mute, AUD_MIXER_PCM);
-    V_ (AC97_Line_In_Volume_Mute, AUD_MIXER_LINE_IN);
-#undef V_
-#endif
+    set_volume (s, AC97_Master_Volume_Mute,
+                mixer_load (s, AC97_Master_Volume_Mute));
+    set_volume (s, AC97_PCM_Out_Volume_Mute,
+                mixer_load (s, AC97_PCM_Out_Volume_Mute));
+    set_volume (s, AC97_Line_In_Volume_Mute,
+                mixer_load (s, AC97_Line_In_Volume_Mute));
+
     active[PI_INDEX] = !!(s->bm_regs[PI_INDEX].cr & CR_RPBM);
     active[PO_INDEX] = !!(s->bm_regs[PO_INDEX].cr & CR_RPBM);
     active[MC_INDEX] = !!(s->bm_regs[MC_INDEX].cr & CR_RPBM);