| /* |
| * ARM kernel loader. |
| * |
| * Copyright (c) 2006-2007 CodeSourcery. |
| * Written by Paul Brook |
| * |
| * This code is licensed under the GPL. |
| */ |
| |
| #include "config.h" |
| #include "hw/hw.h" |
| #include "hw/arm/arm.h" |
| #include "sysemu/sysemu.h" |
| #include "hw/boards.h" |
| #include "hw/loader.h" |
| #include "elf.h" |
| #include "sysemu/device_tree.h" |
| #include "qemu/config-file.h" |
| #include "exec/address-spaces.h" |
| |
| /* Kernel boot protocol is specified in the kernel docs |
| * Documentation/arm/Booting and Documentation/arm64/booting.txt |
| * They have different preferred image load offsets from system RAM base. |
| */ |
| #define KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR 0x100 |
| #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00010000 |
| #define KERNEL64_LOAD_ADDR 0x00080000 |
| |
| typedef enum { |
| FIXUP_NONE = 0, /* do nothing */ |
| FIXUP_TERMINATOR, /* end of insns */ |
| FIXUP_BOARDID, /* overwrite with board ID number */ |
| FIXUP_ARGPTR, /* overwrite with pointer to kernel args */ |
| FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT, /* overwrite with kernel entry point */ |
| FIXUP_GIC_CPU_IF, /* overwrite with GIC CPU interface address */ |
| FIXUP_BOOTREG, /* overwrite with boot register address */ |
| FIXUP_DSB, /* overwrite with correct DSB insn for cpu */ |
| FIXUP_MAX, |
| } FixupType; |
| |
| typedef struct ARMInsnFixup { |
| uint32_t insn; |
| FixupType fixup; |
| } ARMInsnFixup; |
| |
| static const ARMInsnFixup bootloader_aarch64[] = { |
| { 0x580000c0 }, /* ldr x0, arg ; Load the lower 32-bits of DTB */ |
| { 0xaa1f03e1 }, /* mov x1, xzr */ |
| { 0xaa1f03e2 }, /* mov x2, xzr */ |
| { 0xaa1f03e3 }, /* mov x3, xzr */ |
| { 0x58000084 }, /* ldr x4, entry ; Load the lower 32-bits of kernel entry */ |
| { 0xd61f0080 }, /* br x4 ; Jump to the kernel entry point */ |
| { 0, FIXUP_ARGPTR }, /* arg: .word @DTB Lower 32-bits */ |
| { 0 }, /* .word @DTB Higher 32-bits */ |
| { 0, FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT }, /* entry: .word @Kernel Entry Lower 32-bits */ |
| { 0 }, /* .word @Kernel Entry Higher 32-bits */ |
| { 0, FIXUP_TERMINATOR } |
| }; |
| |
| /* The worlds second smallest bootloader. Set r0-r2, then jump to kernel. */ |
| static const ARMInsnFixup bootloader[] = { |
| { 0xe3a00000 }, /* mov r0, #0 */ |
| { 0xe59f1004 }, /* ldr r1, [pc, #4] */ |
| { 0xe59f2004 }, /* ldr r2, [pc, #4] */ |
| { 0xe59ff004 }, /* ldr pc, [pc, #4] */ |
| { 0, FIXUP_BOARDID }, |
| { 0, FIXUP_ARGPTR }, |
| { 0, FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT }, |
| { 0, FIXUP_TERMINATOR } |
| }; |
| |
| /* Handling for secondary CPU boot in a multicore system. |
| * Unlike the uniprocessor/primary CPU boot, this is platform |
| * dependent. The default code here is based on the secondary |
| * CPU boot protocol used on realview/vexpress boards, with |
| * some parameterisation to increase its flexibility. |
| * QEMU platform models for which this code is not appropriate |
| * should override write_secondary_boot and secondary_cpu_reset_hook |
| * instead. |
| * |
| * This code enables the interrupt controllers for the secondary |
| * CPUs and then puts all the secondary CPUs into a loop waiting |
| * for an interprocessor interrupt and polling a configurable |
| * location for the kernel secondary CPU entry point. |
| */ |
| #define DSB_INSN 0xf57ff04f |
| #define CP15_DSB_INSN 0xee070f9a /* mcr cp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4 */ |
| |
| static const ARMInsnFixup smpboot[] = { |
| { 0xe59f2028 }, /* ldr r2, gic_cpu_if */ |
| { 0xe59f0028 }, /* ldr r0, bootreg_addr */ |
| { 0xe3a01001 }, /* mov r1, #1 */ |
| { 0xe5821000 }, /* str r1, [r2] - set GICC_CTLR.Enable */ |
| { 0xe3a010ff }, /* mov r1, #0xff */ |
| { 0xe5821004 }, /* str r1, [r2, 4] - set GIC_PMR.Priority to 0xff */ |
| { 0, FIXUP_DSB }, /* dsb */ |
| { 0xe320f003 }, /* wfi */ |
| { 0xe5901000 }, /* ldr r1, [r0] */ |
| { 0xe1110001 }, /* tst r1, r1 */ |
| { 0x0afffffb }, /* beq <wfi> */ |
| { 0xe12fff11 }, /* bx r1 */ |
| { 0, FIXUP_GIC_CPU_IF }, /* gic_cpu_if: .word 0x.... */ |
| { 0, FIXUP_BOOTREG }, /* bootreg_addr: .word 0x.... */ |
| { 0, FIXUP_TERMINATOR } |
| }; |
| |
| static void write_bootloader(const char *name, hwaddr addr, |
| const ARMInsnFixup *insns, uint32_t *fixupcontext) |
| { |
| /* Fix up the specified bootloader fragment and write it into |
| * guest memory using rom_add_blob_fixed(). fixupcontext is |
| * an array giving the values to write in for the fixup types |
| * which write a value into the code array. |
| */ |
| int i, len; |
| uint32_t *code; |
| |
| len = 0; |
| while (insns[len].fixup != FIXUP_TERMINATOR) { |
| len++; |
| } |
| |
| code = g_new0(uint32_t, len); |
| |
| for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { |
| uint32_t insn = insns[i].insn; |
| FixupType fixup = insns[i].fixup; |
| |
| switch (fixup) { |
| case FIXUP_NONE: |
| break; |
| case FIXUP_BOARDID: |
| case FIXUP_ARGPTR: |
| case FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT: |
| case FIXUP_GIC_CPU_IF: |
| case FIXUP_BOOTREG: |
| case FIXUP_DSB: |
| insn = fixupcontext[fixup]; |
| break; |
| default: |
| abort(); |
| } |
| code[i] = tswap32(insn); |
| } |
| |
| rom_add_blob_fixed(name, code, len * sizeof(uint32_t), addr); |
| |
| g_free(code); |
| } |
| |
| static void default_write_secondary(ARMCPU *cpu, |
| const struct arm_boot_info *info) |
| { |
| uint32_t fixupcontext[FIXUP_MAX]; |
| |
| fixupcontext[FIXUP_GIC_CPU_IF] = info->gic_cpu_if_addr; |
| fixupcontext[FIXUP_BOOTREG] = info->smp_bootreg_addr; |
| if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) { |
| fixupcontext[FIXUP_DSB] = DSB_INSN; |
| } else { |
| fixupcontext[FIXUP_DSB] = CP15_DSB_INSN; |
| } |
| |
| write_bootloader("smpboot", info->smp_loader_start, |
| smpboot, fixupcontext); |
| } |
| |
| static void default_reset_secondary(ARMCPU *cpu, |
| const struct arm_boot_info *info) |
| { |
| CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env; |
| |
| stl_phys_notdirty(&address_space_memory, info->smp_bootreg_addr, 0); |
| env->regs[15] = info->smp_loader_start; |
| } |
| |
| static inline bool have_dtb(const struct arm_boot_info *info) |
| { |
| return info->dtb_filename || info->get_dtb; |
| } |
| |
| #define WRITE_WORD(p, value) do { \ |
| stl_phys_notdirty(&address_space_memory, p, value); \ |
| p += 4; \ |
| } while (0) |
| |
| static void set_kernel_args(const struct arm_boot_info *info) |
| { |
| int initrd_size = info->initrd_size; |
| hwaddr base = info->loader_start; |
| hwaddr p; |
| |
| p = base + KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR; |
| /* ATAG_CORE */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 5); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0x54410001); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 1); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0x1000); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* ATAG_MEM */ |
| /* TODO: handle multiple chips on one ATAG list */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 4); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0x54410002); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, info->ram_size); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, info->loader_start); |
| if (initrd_size) { |
| /* ATAG_INITRD2 */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 4); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0x54420005); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, info->initrd_start); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, initrd_size); |
| } |
| if (info->kernel_cmdline && *info->kernel_cmdline) { |
| /* ATAG_CMDLINE */ |
| int cmdline_size; |
| |
| cmdline_size = strlen(info->kernel_cmdline); |
| cpu_physical_memory_write(p + 8, info->kernel_cmdline, |
| cmdline_size + 1); |
| cmdline_size = (cmdline_size >> 2) + 1; |
| WRITE_WORD(p, cmdline_size + 2); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0x54410009); |
| p += cmdline_size * 4; |
| } |
| if (info->atag_board) { |
| /* ATAG_BOARD */ |
| int atag_board_len; |
| uint8_t atag_board_buf[0x1000]; |
| |
| atag_board_len = (info->atag_board(info, atag_board_buf) + 3) & ~3; |
| WRITE_WORD(p, (atag_board_len + 8) >> 2); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0x414f4d50); |
| cpu_physical_memory_write(p, atag_board_buf, atag_board_len); |
| p += atag_board_len; |
| } |
| /* ATAG_END */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| } |
| |
| static void set_kernel_args_old(const struct arm_boot_info *info) |
| { |
| hwaddr p; |
| const char *s; |
| int initrd_size = info->initrd_size; |
| hwaddr base = info->loader_start; |
| |
| /* see linux/include/asm-arm/setup.h */ |
| p = base + KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR; |
| /* page_size */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 4096); |
| /* nr_pages */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, info->ram_size / 4096); |
| /* ramdisk_size */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| #define FLAG_READONLY 1 |
| #define FLAG_RDLOAD 4 |
| #define FLAG_RDPROMPT 8 |
| /* flags */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, FLAG_READONLY | FLAG_RDLOAD | FLAG_RDPROMPT); |
| /* rootdev */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, (31 << 8) | 0); /* /dev/mtdblock0 */ |
| /* video_num_cols */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* video_num_rows */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* video_x */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* video_y */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* memc_control_reg */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* unsigned char sounddefault */ |
| /* unsigned char adfsdrives */ |
| /* unsigned char bytes_per_char_h */ |
| /* unsigned char bytes_per_char_v */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* pages_in_bank[4] */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* pages_in_vram */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* initrd_start */ |
| if (initrd_size) { |
| WRITE_WORD(p, info->initrd_start); |
| } else { |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| } |
| /* initrd_size */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, initrd_size); |
| /* rd_start */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* system_rev */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* system_serial_low */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* system_serial_high */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* mem_fclk_21285 */ |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| /* zero unused fields */ |
| while (p < base + KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR + 256 + 1024) { |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| } |
| s = info->kernel_cmdline; |
| if (s) { |
| cpu_physical_memory_write(p, s, strlen(s) + 1); |
| } else { |
| WRITE_WORD(p, 0); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| static int load_dtb(hwaddr addr, const struct arm_boot_info *binfo) |
| { |
| void *fdt = NULL; |
| int size, rc; |
| uint32_t acells, scells; |
| |
| if (binfo->dtb_filename) { |
| char *filename; |
| filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, binfo->dtb_filename); |
| if (!filename) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open dtb file %s\n", binfo->dtb_filename); |
| goto fail; |
| } |
| |
| fdt = load_device_tree(filename, &size); |
| if (!fdt) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open dtb file %s\n", filename); |
| g_free(filename); |
| goto fail; |
| } |
| g_free(filename); |
| } else if (binfo->get_dtb) { |
| fdt = binfo->get_dtb(binfo, &size); |
| if (!fdt) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "Board was unable to create a dtb blob\n"); |
| goto fail; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| acells = qemu_fdt_getprop_cell(fdt, "/", "#address-cells"); |
| scells = qemu_fdt_getprop_cell(fdt, "/", "#size-cells"); |
| if (acells == 0 || scells == 0) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "dtb file invalid (#address-cells or #size-cells 0)\n"); |
| goto fail; |
| } |
| |
| if (scells < 2 && binfo->ram_size >= (1ULL << 32)) { |
| /* This is user error so deserves a friendlier error message |
| * than the failure of setprop_sized_cells would provide |
| */ |
| fprintf(stderr, "qemu: dtb file not compatible with " |
| "RAM size > 4GB\n"); |
| goto fail; |
| } |
| |
| rc = qemu_fdt_setprop_sized_cells(fdt, "/memory", "reg", |
| acells, binfo->loader_start, |
| scells, binfo->ram_size); |
| if (rc < 0) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "couldn't set /memory/reg\n"); |
| goto fail; |
| } |
| |
| if (binfo->kernel_cmdline && *binfo->kernel_cmdline) { |
| rc = qemu_fdt_setprop_string(fdt, "/chosen", "bootargs", |
| binfo->kernel_cmdline); |
| if (rc < 0) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "couldn't set /chosen/bootargs\n"); |
| goto fail; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| if (binfo->initrd_size) { |
| rc = qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-start", |
| binfo->initrd_start); |
| if (rc < 0) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "couldn't set /chosen/linux,initrd-start\n"); |
| goto fail; |
| } |
| |
| rc = qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-end", |
| binfo->initrd_start + binfo->initrd_size); |
| if (rc < 0) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "couldn't set /chosen/linux,initrd-end\n"); |
| goto fail; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| if (binfo->modify_dtb) { |
| binfo->modify_dtb(binfo, fdt); |
| } |
| |
| qemu_fdt_dumpdtb(fdt, size); |
| |
| cpu_physical_memory_write(addr, fdt, size); |
| |
| g_free(fdt); |
| |
| return 0; |
| |
| fail: |
| g_free(fdt); |
| return -1; |
| } |
| |
| static void do_cpu_reset(void *opaque) |
| { |
| ARMCPU *cpu = opaque; |
| CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env; |
| const struct arm_boot_info *info = env->boot_info; |
| |
| cpu_reset(CPU(cpu)); |
| if (info) { |
| if (!info->is_linux) { |
| /* Jump to the entry point. */ |
| env->regs[15] = info->entry & 0xfffffffe; |
| env->thumb = info->entry & 1; |
| } else { |
| if (CPU(cpu) == first_cpu) { |
| if (env->aarch64) { |
| env->pc = info->loader_start; |
| } else { |
| env->regs[15] = info->loader_start; |
| } |
| |
| if (!have_dtb(info)) { |
| if (old_param) { |
| set_kernel_args_old(info); |
| } else { |
| set_kernel_args(info); |
| } |
| } |
| } else { |
| info->secondary_cpu_reset_hook(cpu, info); |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| void arm_load_kernel(ARMCPU *cpu, struct arm_boot_info *info) |
| { |
| CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu); |
| int kernel_size; |
| int initrd_size; |
| int is_linux = 0; |
| uint64_t elf_entry; |
| int elf_machine; |
| hwaddr entry, kernel_load_offset; |
| int big_endian; |
| static const ARMInsnFixup *primary_loader; |
| |
| /* Load the kernel. */ |
| if (!info->kernel_filename) { |
| /* If no kernel specified, do nothing; we will start from address 0 |
| * (typically a boot ROM image) in the same way as hardware. |
| */ |
| return; |
| } |
| |
| if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64)) { |
| primary_loader = bootloader_aarch64; |
| kernel_load_offset = KERNEL64_LOAD_ADDR; |
| elf_machine = EM_AARCH64; |
| } else { |
| primary_loader = bootloader; |
| kernel_load_offset = KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR; |
| elf_machine = EM_ARM; |
| } |
| |
| info->dtb_filename = qemu_opt_get(qemu_get_machine_opts(), "dtb"); |
| |
| if (!info->secondary_cpu_reset_hook) { |
| info->secondary_cpu_reset_hook = default_reset_secondary; |
| } |
| if (!info->write_secondary_boot) { |
| info->write_secondary_boot = default_write_secondary; |
| } |
| |
| if (info->nb_cpus == 0) |
| info->nb_cpus = 1; |
| |
| #ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN |
| big_endian = 1; |
| #else |
| big_endian = 0; |
| #endif |
| |
| /* We want to put the initrd far enough into RAM that when the |
| * kernel is uncompressed it will not clobber the initrd. However |
| * on boards without much RAM we must ensure that we still leave |
| * enough room for a decent sized initrd, and on boards with large |
| * amounts of RAM we must avoid the initrd being so far up in RAM |
| * that it is outside lowmem and inaccessible to the kernel. |
| * So for boards with less than 256MB of RAM we put the initrd |
| * halfway into RAM, and for boards with 256MB of RAM or more we put |
| * the initrd at 128MB. |
| */ |
| info->initrd_start = info->loader_start + |
| MIN(info->ram_size / 2, 128 * 1024 * 1024); |
| |
| /* Assume that raw images are linux kernels, and ELF images are not. */ |
| kernel_size = load_elf(info->kernel_filename, NULL, NULL, &elf_entry, |
| NULL, NULL, big_endian, elf_machine, 1); |
| entry = elf_entry; |
| if (kernel_size < 0) { |
| kernel_size = load_uimage(info->kernel_filename, &entry, NULL, |
| &is_linux); |
| } |
| if (kernel_size < 0) { |
| entry = info->loader_start + kernel_load_offset; |
| kernel_size = load_image_targphys(info->kernel_filename, entry, |
| info->ram_size - kernel_load_offset); |
| is_linux = 1; |
| } |
| if (kernel_size < 0) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n", |
| info->kernel_filename); |
| exit(1); |
| } |
| info->entry = entry; |
| if (is_linux) { |
| uint32_t fixupcontext[FIXUP_MAX]; |
| |
| if (info->initrd_filename) { |
| initrd_size = load_ramdisk(info->initrd_filename, |
| info->initrd_start, |
| info->ram_size - |
| info->initrd_start); |
| if (initrd_size < 0) { |
| initrd_size = load_image_targphys(info->initrd_filename, |
| info->initrd_start, |
| info->ram_size - |
| info->initrd_start); |
| } |
| if (initrd_size < 0) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initrd '%s'\n", |
| info->initrd_filename); |
| exit(1); |
| } |
| } else { |
| initrd_size = 0; |
| } |
| info->initrd_size = initrd_size; |
| |
| fixupcontext[FIXUP_BOARDID] = info->board_id; |
| |
| /* for device tree boot, we pass the DTB directly in r2. Otherwise |
| * we point to the kernel args. |
| */ |
| if (have_dtb(info)) { |
| /* Place the DTB after the initrd in memory. Note that some |
| * kernels will trash anything in the 4K page the initrd |
| * ends in, so make sure the DTB isn't caught up in that. |
| */ |
| hwaddr dtb_start = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(info->initrd_start + initrd_size, |
| 4096); |
| if (load_dtb(dtb_start, info)) { |
| exit(1); |
| } |
| fixupcontext[FIXUP_ARGPTR] = dtb_start; |
| } else { |
| fixupcontext[FIXUP_ARGPTR] = info->loader_start + KERNEL_ARGS_ADDR; |
| if (info->ram_size >= (1ULL << 32)) { |
| fprintf(stderr, "qemu: RAM size must be less than 4GB to boot" |
| " Linux kernel using ATAGS (try passing a device tree" |
| " using -dtb)\n"); |
| exit(1); |
| } |
| } |
| fixupcontext[FIXUP_ENTRYPOINT] = entry; |
| |
| write_bootloader("bootloader", info->loader_start, |
| primary_loader, fixupcontext); |
| |
| if (info->nb_cpus > 1) { |
| info->write_secondary_boot(cpu, info); |
| } |
| } |
| info->is_linux = is_linux; |
| |
| for (; cs; cs = CPU_NEXT(cs)) { |
| cpu = ARM_CPU(cs); |
| cpu->env.boot_info = info; |
| qemu_register_reset(do_cpu_reset, cpu); |
| } |
| } |
