| /* | 
 |  * QTest | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2012 | 
 |  * Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2012 | 
 |  * Copyright SUSE LINUX Products GmbH 2013 | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Authors: | 
 |  *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com> | 
 |  *  Paolo Bonzini     <pbonzini@redhat.com> | 
 |  *  Andreas Färber    <afaerber@suse.de> | 
 |  * | 
 |  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later. | 
 |  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory. | 
 |  * | 
 |  */ | 
 | #include "libqtest.h" | 
 |  | 
 | #include <glib.h> | 
 | #include <sys/types.h> | 
 | #include <sys/socket.h> | 
 | #include <sys/wait.h> | 
 | #include <sys/un.h> | 
 | #include <inttypes.h> | 
 | #include <errno.h> | 
 | #include <stdio.h> | 
 | #include <stdlib.h> | 
 | #include <unistd.h> | 
 | #include <string.h> | 
 |  | 
 | #include "qemu/compiler.h" | 
 | #include "qemu/osdep.h" | 
 | #include "qapi/qmp/json-parser.h" | 
 | #include "qapi/qmp/json-streamer.h" | 
 | #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h" | 
 |  | 
 | #define MAX_IRQ 256 | 
 | #define SOCKET_TIMEOUT 5 | 
 |  | 
 | QTestState *global_qtest; | 
 |  | 
 | struct QTestState | 
 | { | 
 |     int fd; | 
 |     int qmp_fd; | 
 |     bool irq_level[MAX_IRQ]; | 
 |     GString *rx; | 
 |     pid_t qemu_pid;  /* our child QEMU process */ | 
 |     struct sigaction sigact_old; /* restored on exit */ | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static GList *qtest_instances; | 
 | static struct sigaction sigact_old; | 
 |  | 
 | #define g_assert_no_errno(ret) do { \ | 
 |     g_assert_cmpint(ret, !=, -1); \ | 
 | } while (0) | 
 |  | 
 | static int init_socket(const char *socket_path) | 
 | { | 
 |     struct sockaddr_un addr; | 
 |     int sock; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |  | 
 |     sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0); | 
 |     g_assert_no_errno(sock); | 
 |  | 
 |     addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX; | 
 |     snprintf(addr.sun_path, sizeof(addr.sun_path), "%s", socket_path); | 
 |     qemu_set_cloexec(sock); | 
 |  | 
 |     do { | 
 |         ret = bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)); | 
 |     } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR); | 
 |     g_assert_no_errno(ret); | 
 |     ret = listen(sock, 1); | 
 |     g_assert_no_errno(ret); | 
 |  | 
 |     return sock; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int socket_accept(int sock) | 
 | { | 
 |     struct sockaddr_un addr; | 
 |     socklen_t addrlen; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     struct timeval timeout = { .tv_sec = SOCKET_TIMEOUT, | 
 |                                .tv_usec = 0 }; | 
 |  | 
 |     setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (void *)&timeout, | 
 |                sizeof(timeout)); | 
 |  | 
 |     do { | 
 |         addrlen = sizeof(addr); | 
 |         ret = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addrlen); | 
 |     } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR); | 
 |     if (ret == -1) { | 
 |         fprintf(stderr, "%s failed: %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno)); | 
 |     } | 
 |     close(sock); | 
 |  | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void kill_qemu(QTestState *s) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (s->qemu_pid != -1) { | 
 |         kill(s->qemu_pid, SIGTERM); | 
 |         waitpid(s->qemu_pid, NULL, 0); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void sigabrt_handler(int signo) | 
 | { | 
 |     GList *elem; | 
 |     for (elem = qtest_instances; elem; elem = elem->next) { | 
 |         kill_qemu(elem->data); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void setup_sigabrt_handler(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     struct sigaction sigact; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Catch SIGABRT to clean up on g_assert() failure */ | 
 |     sigact = (struct sigaction){ | 
 |         .sa_handler = sigabrt_handler, | 
 |         .sa_flags = SA_RESETHAND, | 
 |     }; | 
 |     sigemptyset(&sigact.sa_mask); | 
 |     sigaction(SIGABRT, &sigact, &sigact_old); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void cleanup_sigabrt_handler(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     sigaction(SIGABRT, &sigact_old, NULL); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | QTestState *qtest_init(const char *extra_args) | 
 | { | 
 |     QTestState *s; | 
 |     int sock, qmpsock, i; | 
 |     gchar *socket_path; | 
 |     gchar *qmp_socket_path; | 
 |     gchar *command; | 
 |     const char *qemu_binary; | 
 |  | 
 |     qemu_binary = getenv("QTEST_QEMU_BINARY"); | 
 |     g_assert(qemu_binary != NULL); | 
 |  | 
 |     s = g_malloc(sizeof(*s)); | 
 |  | 
 |     socket_path = g_strdup_printf("/tmp/qtest-%d.sock", getpid()); | 
 |     qmp_socket_path = g_strdup_printf("/tmp/qtest-%d.qmp", getpid()); | 
 |  | 
 |     sock = init_socket(socket_path); | 
 |     qmpsock = init_socket(qmp_socket_path); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Only install SIGABRT handler once */ | 
 |     if (!qtest_instances) { | 
 |         setup_sigabrt_handler(); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     qtest_instances = g_list_prepend(qtest_instances, s); | 
 |  | 
 |     s->qemu_pid = fork(); | 
 |     if (s->qemu_pid == 0) { | 
 |         setenv("QEMU_AUDIO_DRV", "none", true); | 
 |         command = g_strdup_printf("exec %s " | 
 |                                   "-qtest unix:%s,nowait " | 
 |                                   "-qtest-log %s " | 
 |                                   "-qmp unix:%s,nowait " | 
 |                                   "-machine accel=qtest " | 
 |                                   "-display none " | 
 |                                   "%s", qemu_binary, socket_path, | 
 |                                   getenv("QTEST_LOG") ? "/dev/fd/2" : "/dev/null", | 
 |                                   qmp_socket_path, | 
 |                                   extra_args ?: ""); | 
 |         execlp("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", command, NULL); | 
 |         exit(1); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     s->fd = socket_accept(sock); | 
 |     if (s->fd >= 0) { | 
 |         s->qmp_fd = socket_accept(qmpsock); | 
 |     } | 
 |     unlink(socket_path); | 
 |     unlink(qmp_socket_path); | 
 |     g_free(socket_path); | 
 |     g_free(qmp_socket_path); | 
 |  | 
 |     g_assert(s->fd >= 0 && s->qmp_fd >= 0); | 
 |  | 
 |     s->rx = g_string_new(""); | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < MAX_IRQ; i++) { | 
 |         s->irq_level[i] = false; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Read the QMP greeting and then do the handshake */ | 
 |     qtest_qmp_discard_response(s, ""); | 
 |     qtest_qmp_discard_response(s, "{ 'execute': 'qmp_capabilities' }"); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (getenv("QTEST_STOP")) { | 
 |         kill(s->qemu_pid, SIGSTOP); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return s; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_quit(QTestState *s) | 
 | { | 
 |     /* Uninstall SIGABRT handler on last instance */ | 
 |     if (qtest_instances && !qtest_instances->next) { | 
 |         cleanup_sigabrt_handler(); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     qtest_instances = g_list_remove(qtest_instances, s); | 
 |  | 
 |     kill_qemu(s); | 
 |     close(s->fd); | 
 |     close(s->qmp_fd); | 
 |     g_string_free(s->rx, true); | 
 |     g_free(s); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void socket_send(int fd, const char *buf, size_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     size_t offset; | 
 |  | 
 |     offset = 0; | 
 |     while (offset < size) { | 
 |         ssize_t len; | 
 |  | 
 |         len = write(fd, buf + offset, size - offset); | 
 |         if (len == -1 && errno == EINTR) { | 
 |             continue; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         g_assert_no_errno(len); | 
 |         g_assert_cmpint(len, >, 0); | 
 |  | 
 |         offset += len; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void socket_sendf(int fd, const char *fmt, va_list ap) | 
 | { | 
 |     gchar *str = g_strdup_vprintf(fmt, ap); | 
 |     size_t size = strlen(str); | 
 |  | 
 |     socket_send(fd, str, size); | 
 |     g_free(str); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qtest_sendf(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, ...) | 
 | { | 
 |     va_list ap; | 
 |  | 
 |     va_start(ap, fmt); | 
 |     socket_sendf(s->fd, fmt, ap); | 
 |     va_end(ap); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static GString *qtest_recv_line(QTestState *s) | 
 | { | 
 |     GString *line; | 
 |     size_t offset; | 
 |     char *eol; | 
 |  | 
 |     while ((eol = strchr(s->rx->str, '\n')) == NULL) { | 
 |         ssize_t len; | 
 |         char buffer[1024]; | 
 |  | 
 |         len = read(s->fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); | 
 |         if (len == -1 && errno == EINTR) { | 
 |             continue; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         if (len == -1 || len == 0) { | 
 |             fprintf(stderr, "Broken pipe\n"); | 
 |             exit(1); | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         g_string_append_len(s->rx, buffer, len); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     offset = eol - s->rx->str; | 
 |     line = g_string_new_len(s->rx->str, offset); | 
 |     g_string_erase(s->rx, 0, offset + 1); | 
 |  | 
 |     return line; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static gchar **qtest_rsp(QTestState *s, int expected_args) | 
 | { | 
 |     GString *line; | 
 |     gchar **words; | 
 |     int i; | 
 |  | 
 | redo: | 
 |     line = qtest_recv_line(s); | 
 |     words = g_strsplit(line->str, " ", 0); | 
 |     g_string_free(line, TRUE); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (strcmp(words[0], "IRQ") == 0) { | 
 |         int irq; | 
 |  | 
 |         g_assert(words[1] != NULL); | 
 |         g_assert(words[2] != NULL); | 
 |  | 
 |         irq = strtoul(words[2], NULL, 0); | 
 |         g_assert_cmpint(irq, >=, 0); | 
 |         g_assert_cmpint(irq, <, MAX_IRQ); | 
 |  | 
 |         if (strcmp(words[1], "raise") == 0) { | 
 |             s->irq_level[irq] = true; | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             s->irq_level[irq] = false; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         g_strfreev(words); | 
 |         goto redo; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     g_assert(words[0] != NULL); | 
 |     g_assert_cmpstr(words[0], ==, "OK"); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (expected_args) { | 
 |         for (i = 0; i < expected_args; i++) { | 
 |             g_assert(words[i] != NULL); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         g_strfreev(words); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return words; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | typedef struct { | 
 |     JSONMessageParser parser; | 
 |     QDict *response; | 
 | } QMPResponseParser; | 
 |  | 
 | static void qmp_response(JSONMessageParser *parser, QList *tokens) | 
 | { | 
 |     QMPResponseParser *qmp = container_of(parser, QMPResponseParser, parser); | 
 |     QObject *obj; | 
 |  | 
 |     obj = json_parser_parse(tokens, NULL); | 
 |     if (!obj) { | 
 |         fprintf(stderr, "QMP JSON response parsing failed\n"); | 
 |         exit(1); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     g_assert(qobject_type(obj) == QTYPE_QDICT); | 
 |     g_assert(!qmp->response); | 
 |     qmp->response = (QDict *)obj; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | QDict *qtest_qmp_receive(QTestState *s) | 
 | { | 
 |     QMPResponseParser qmp; | 
 |     bool log = getenv("QTEST_LOG") != NULL; | 
 |  | 
 |     qmp.response = NULL; | 
 |     json_message_parser_init(&qmp.parser, qmp_response); | 
 |     while (!qmp.response) { | 
 |         ssize_t len; | 
 |         char c; | 
 |  | 
 |         len = read(s->qmp_fd, &c, 1); | 
 |         if (len == -1 && errno == EINTR) { | 
 |             continue; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         if (len == -1 || len == 0) { | 
 |             fprintf(stderr, "Broken pipe\n"); | 
 |             exit(1); | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         if (log) { | 
 |             len = write(2, &c, 1); | 
 |         } | 
 |         json_message_parser_feed(&qmp.parser, &c, 1); | 
 |     } | 
 |     json_message_parser_destroy(&qmp.parser); | 
 |  | 
 |     return qmp.response; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | QDict *qtest_qmpv(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, va_list ap) | 
 | { | 
 |     va_list ap_copy; | 
 |     QObject *qobj; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Going through qobject ensures we escape strings properly. | 
 |      * This seemingly unnecessary copy is required in case va_list | 
 |      * is an array type. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     va_copy(ap_copy, ap); | 
 |     qobj = qobject_from_jsonv(fmt, &ap_copy); | 
 |     va_end(ap_copy); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* No need to send anything for an empty QObject.  */ | 
 |     if (qobj) { | 
 |         int log = getenv("QTEST_LOG") != NULL; | 
 |         QString *qstr = qobject_to_json(qobj); | 
 |         const char *str = qstring_get_str(qstr); | 
 |         size_t size = qstring_get_length(qstr); | 
 |  | 
 |         if (log) { | 
 |             fprintf(stderr, "%s", str); | 
 |         } | 
 |         /* Send QMP request */ | 
 |         socket_send(s->qmp_fd, str, size); | 
 |  | 
 |         QDECREF(qstr); | 
 |         qobject_decref(qobj); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Receive reply */ | 
 |     return qtest_qmp_receive(s); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | QDict *qtest_qmp(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, ...) | 
 | { | 
 |     va_list ap; | 
 |     QDict *response; | 
 |  | 
 |     va_start(ap, fmt); | 
 |     response = qtest_qmpv(s, fmt, ap); | 
 |     va_end(ap); | 
 |     return response; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_qmpv_discard_response(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, va_list ap) | 
 | { | 
 |     QDict *response = qtest_qmpv(s, fmt, ap); | 
 |     QDECREF(response); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_qmp_discard_response(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, ...) | 
 | { | 
 |     va_list ap; | 
 |     QDict *response; | 
 |  | 
 |     va_start(ap, fmt); | 
 |     response = qtest_qmpv(s, fmt, ap); | 
 |     va_end(ap); | 
 |     QDECREF(response); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | const char *qtest_get_arch(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     const char *qemu = getenv("QTEST_QEMU_BINARY"); | 
 |     const char *end = strrchr(qemu, '/'); | 
 |  | 
 |     return end + strlen("/qemu-system-"); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool qtest_get_irq(QTestState *s, int num) | 
 | { | 
 |     /* dummy operation in order to make sure irq is up to date */ | 
 |     qtest_inb(s, 0); | 
 |  | 
 |     return s->irq_level[num]; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int64_t qtest_clock_rsp(QTestState *s) | 
 | { | 
 |     gchar **words; | 
 |     int64_t clock; | 
 |     words = qtest_rsp(s, 2); | 
 |     clock = g_ascii_strtoll(words[1], NULL, 0); | 
 |     g_strfreev(words); | 
 |     return clock; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int64_t qtest_clock_step_next(QTestState *s) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "clock_step\n"); | 
 |     return qtest_clock_rsp(s); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int64_t qtest_clock_step(QTestState *s, int64_t step) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "clock_step %"PRIi64"\n", step); | 
 |     return qtest_clock_rsp(s); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int64_t qtest_clock_set(QTestState *s, int64_t val) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "clock_set %"PRIi64"\n", val); | 
 |     return qtest_clock_rsp(s); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_irq_intercept_out(QTestState *s, const char *qom_path) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "irq_intercept_out %s\n", qom_path); | 
 |     qtest_rsp(s, 0); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_irq_intercept_in(QTestState *s, const char *qom_path) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "irq_intercept_in %s\n", qom_path); | 
 |     qtest_rsp(s, 0); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void qtest_out(QTestState *s, const char *cmd, uint16_t addr, uint32_t value) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "%s 0x%x 0x%x\n", cmd, addr, value); | 
 |     qtest_rsp(s, 0); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_outb(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr, uint8_t value) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_out(s, "outb", addr, value); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_outw(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr, uint16_t value) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_out(s, "outw", addr, value); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_outl(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr, uint32_t value) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_out(s, "outl", addr, value); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static uint32_t qtest_in(QTestState *s, const char *cmd, uint16_t addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     gchar **args; | 
 |     uint32_t value; | 
 |  | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "%s 0x%x\n", cmd, addr); | 
 |     args = qtest_rsp(s, 2); | 
 |     value = strtoul(args[1], NULL, 0); | 
 |     g_strfreev(args); | 
 |  | 
 |     return value; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint8_t qtest_inb(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return qtest_in(s, "inb", addr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint16_t qtest_inw(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return qtest_in(s, "inw", addr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint32_t qtest_inl(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return qtest_in(s, "inl", addr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void qtest_write(QTestState *s, const char *cmd, uint64_t addr, | 
 |                         uint64_t value) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "%s 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", cmd, addr, value); | 
 |     qtest_rsp(s, 0); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_writeb(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint8_t value) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_write(s, "writeb", addr, value); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_writew(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint16_t value) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_write(s, "writew", addr, value); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_writel(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint32_t value) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_write(s, "writel", addr, value); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_writeq(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint64_t value) | 
 | { | 
 |     qtest_write(s, "writeq", addr, value); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static uint64_t qtest_read(QTestState *s, const char *cmd, uint64_t addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     gchar **args; | 
 |     uint64_t value; | 
 |  | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "%s 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", cmd, addr); | 
 |     args = qtest_rsp(s, 2); | 
 |     value = strtoull(args[1], NULL, 0); | 
 |     g_strfreev(args); | 
 |  | 
 |     return value; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint8_t qtest_readb(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return qtest_read(s, "readb", addr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint16_t qtest_readw(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return qtest_read(s, "readw", addr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint32_t qtest_readl(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return qtest_read(s, "readl", addr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint64_t qtest_readq(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return qtest_read(s, "readq", addr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int hex2nib(char ch) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') { | 
 |         return ch - '0'; | 
 |     } else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f') { | 
 |         return 10 + (ch - 'a'); | 
 |     } else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F') { | 
 |         return 10 + (ch - 'a'); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_memread(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, void *data, size_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint8_t *ptr = data; | 
 |     gchar **args; | 
 |     size_t i; | 
 |  | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "read 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%zx\n", addr, size); | 
 |     args = qtest_rsp(s, 2); | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { | 
 |         ptr[i] = hex2nib(args[1][2 + (i * 2)]) << 4; | 
 |         ptr[i] |= hex2nib(args[1][2 + (i * 2) + 1]); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     g_strfreev(args); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_add_func(const char *str, void (*fn)) | 
 | { | 
 |     gchar *path = g_strdup_printf("/%s/%s", qtest_get_arch(), str); | 
 |     g_test_add_func(path, fn); | 
 |     g_free(path); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_memwrite(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, const void *data, size_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     const uint8_t *ptr = data; | 
 |     size_t i; | 
 |  | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "write 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%zx 0x", addr, size); | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { | 
 |         qtest_sendf(s, "%02x", ptr[i]); | 
 |     } | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "\n"); | 
 |     qtest_rsp(s, 0); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qtest_memset(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint8_t pattern, size_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     size_t i; | 
 |  | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "write 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%zx 0x", addr, size); | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { | 
 |         qtest_sendf(s, "%02x", pattern); | 
 |     } | 
 |     qtest_sendf(s, "\n"); | 
 |     qtest_rsp(s, 0); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | QDict *qmp(const char *fmt, ...) | 
 | { | 
 |     va_list ap; | 
 |     QDict *response; | 
 |  | 
 |     va_start(ap, fmt); | 
 |     response = qtest_qmpv(global_qtest, fmt, ap); | 
 |     va_end(ap); | 
 |     return response; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void qmp_discard_response(const char *fmt, ...) | 
 | { | 
 |     va_list ap; | 
 |  | 
 |     va_start(ap, fmt); | 
 |     qtest_qmpv_discard_response(global_qtest, fmt, ap); | 
 |     va_end(ap); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool qtest_big_endian(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     const char *arch = qtest_get_arch(); | 
 |     int i; | 
 |  | 
 |     static const struct { | 
 |         const char *arch; | 
 |         bool big_endian; | 
 |     } endianness[] = { | 
 |         { "aarch64", false }, | 
 |         { "alpha", false }, | 
 |         { "arm", false }, | 
 |         { "cris", false }, | 
 |         { "i386", false }, | 
 |         { "lm32", true }, | 
 |         { "m68k", true }, | 
 |         { "microblaze", true }, | 
 |         { "microblazeel", false }, | 
 |         { "mips", true }, | 
 |         { "mips64", true }, | 
 |         { "mips64el", false }, | 
 |         { "mipsel", false }, | 
 |         { "moxie", true }, | 
 |         { "or32", true }, | 
 |         { "ppc", true }, | 
 |         { "ppc64", true }, | 
 |         { "ppcemb", true }, | 
 |         { "s390x", true }, | 
 |         { "sh4", false }, | 
 |         { "sh4eb", true }, | 
 |         { "sparc", true }, | 
 |         { "sparc64", true }, | 
 |         { "unicore32", false }, | 
 |         { "x86_64", false }, | 
 |         { "xtensa", false }, | 
 |         { "xtensaeb", true }, | 
 |         {}, | 
 |     }; | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i = 0; endianness[i].arch; i++) { | 
 |         if (strcmp(endianness[i].arch, arch) == 0) { | 
 |             return endianness[i].big_endian; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return false; | 
 | } |