| /* | 
 |  * Block driver for the VMDK format | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard | 
 |  * Copyright (c) 2005 Filip Navara | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy | 
 |  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal | 
 |  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights | 
 |  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell | 
 |  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is | 
 |  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: | 
 |  * | 
 |  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in | 
 |  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. | 
 |  * | 
 |  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR | 
 |  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, | 
 |  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL | 
 |  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER | 
 |  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, | 
 |  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN | 
 |  * THE SOFTWARE. | 
 |  */ | 
 |  | 
 | #include "qemu-common.h" | 
 | #include "block/block_int.h" | 
 | #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h" | 
 | #include "qemu/error-report.h" | 
 | #include "qemu/module.h" | 
 | #include "migration/migration.h" | 
 | #include <zlib.h> | 
 | #include <glib.h> | 
 |  | 
 | #define VMDK3_MAGIC (('C' << 24) | ('O' << 16) | ('W' << 8) | 'D') | 
 | #define VMDK4_MAGIC (('K' << 24) | ('D' << 16) | ('M' << 8) | 'V') | 
 | #define VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE 1 | 
 | #define VMDK4_FLAG_NL_DETECT (1 << 0) | 
 | #define VMDK4_FLAG_RGD (1 << 1) | 
 | /* Zeroed-grain enable bit */ | 
 | #define VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN   (1 << 2) | 
 | #define VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS (1 << 16) | 
 | #define VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER (1 << 17) | 
 | #define VMDK4_GD_AT_END 0xffffffffffffffffULL | 
 |  | 
 | #define VMDK_GTE_ZEROED 0x1 | 
 |  | 
 | /* VMDK internal error codes */ | 
 | #define VMDK_OK      0 | 
 | #define VMDK_ERROR   (-1) | 
 | /* Cluster not allocated */ | 
 | #define VMDK_UNALLOC (-2) | 
 | #define VMDK_ZEROED  (-3) | 
 |  | 
 | #define BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN "zeroed_grain" | 
 |  | 
 | typedef struct { | 
 |     uint32_t version; | 
 |     uint32_t flags; | 
 |     uint32_t disk_sectors; | 
 |     uint32_t granularity; | 
 |     uint32_t l1dir_offset; | 
 |     uint32_t l1dir_size; | 
 |     uint32_t file_sectors; | 
 |     uint32_t cylinders; | 
 |     uint32_t heads; | 
 |     uint32_t sectors_per_track; | 
 | } QEMU_PACKED VMDK3Header; | 
 |  | 
 | typedef struct { | 
 |     uint32_t version; | 
 |     uint32_t flags; | 
 |     uint64_t capacity; | 
 |     uint64_t granularity; | 
 |     uint64_t desc_offset; | 
 |     uint64_t desc_size; | 
 |     /* Number of GrainTableEntries per GrainTable */ | 
 |     uint32_t num_gtes_per_gt; | 
 |     uint64_t rgd_offset; | 
 |     uint64_t gd_offset; | 
 |     uint64_t grain_offset; | 
 |     char filler[1]; | 
 |     char check_bytes[4]; | 
 |     uint16_t compressAlgorithm; | 
 | } QEMU_PACKED VMDK4Header; | 
 |  | 
 | #define L2_CACHE_SIZE 16 | 
 |  | 
 | typedef struct VmdkExtent { | 
 |     BdrvChild *file; | 
 |     bool flat; | 
 |     bool compressed; | 
 |     bool has_marker; | 
 |     bool has_zero_grain; | 
 |     int version; | 
 |     int64_t sectors; | 
 |     int64_t end_sector; | 
 |     int64_t flat_start_offset; | 
 |     int64_t l1_table_offset; | 
 |     int64_t l1_backup_table_offset; | 
 |     uint32_t *l1_table; | 
 |     uint32_t *l1_backup_table; | 
 |     unsigned int l1_size; | 
 |     uint32_t l1_entry_sectors; | 
 |  | 
 |     unsigned int l2_size; | 
 |     uint32_t *l2_cache; | 
 |     uint32_t l2_cache_offsets[L2_CACHE_SIZE]; | 
 |     uint32_t l2_cache_counts[L2_CACHE_SIZE]; | 
 |  | 
 |     int64_t cluster_sectors; | 
 |     int64_t next_cluster_sector; | 
 |     char *type; | 
 | } VmdkExtent; | 
 |  | 
 | typedef struct BDRVVmdkState { | 
 |     CoMutex lock; | 
 |     uint64_t desc_offset; | 
 |     bool cid_updated; | 
 |     bool cid_checked; | 
 |     uint32_t cid; | 
 |     uint32_t parent_cid; | 
 |     int num_extents; | 
 |     /* Extent array with num_extents entries, ascend ordered by address */ | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extents; | 
 |     Error *migration_blocker; | 
 |     char *create_type; | 
 | } BDRVVmdkState; | 
 |  | 
 | typedef struct VmdkMetaData { | 
 |     unsigned int l1_index; | 
 |     unsigned int l2_index; | 
 |     unsigned int l2_offset; | 
 |     int valid; | 
 |     uint32_t *l2_cache_entry; | 
 | } VmdkMetaData; | 
 |  | 
 | typedef struct VmdkGrainMarker { | 
 |     uint64_t lba; | 
 |     uint32_t size; | 
 |     uint8_t  data[0]; | 
 | } QEMU_PACKED VmdkGrainMarker; | 
 |  | 
 | enum { | 
 |     MARKER_END_OF_STREAM    = 0, | 
 |     MARKER_GRAIN_TABLE      = 1, | 
 |     MARKER_GRAIN_DIRECTORY  = 2, | 
 |     MARKER_FOOTER           = 3, | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint32_t magic; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (buf_size < 4) { | 
 |         return 0; | 
 |     } | 
 |     magic = be32_to_cpu(*(uint32_t *)buf); | 
 |     if (magic == VMDK3_MAGIC || | 
 |         magic == VMDK4_MAGIC) { | 
 |         return 100; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         const char *p = (const char *)buf; | 
 |         const char *end = p + buf_size; | 
 |         while (p < end) { | 
 |             if (*p == '#') { | 
 |                 /* skip comment line */ | 
 |                 while (p < end && *p != '\n') { | 
 |                     p++; | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 p++; | 
 |                 continue; | 
 |             } | 
 |             if (*p == ' ') { | 
 |                 while (p < end && *p == ' ') { | 
 |                     p++; | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 /* skip '\r' if windows line endings used. */ | 
 |                 if (p < end && *p == '\r') { | 
 |                     p++; | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 /* only accept blank lines before 'version=' line */ | 
 |                 if (p == end || *p != '\n') { | 
 |                     return 0; | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 p++; | 
 |                 continue; | 
 |             } | 
 |             if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\n")) { | 
 |                 if (strncmp("version=1\n", p, strlen("version=1\n")) == 0 || | 
 |                     strncmp("version=2\n", p, strlen("version=2\n")) == 0) { | 
 |                     return 100; | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } | 
 |             if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\r\n")) { | 
 |                 if (strncmp("version=1\r\n", p, strlen("version=1\r\n")) == 0 || | 
 |                     strncmp("version=2\r\n", p, strlen("version=2\r\n")) == 0) { | 
 |                     return 100; | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } | 
 |             return 0; | 
 |         } | 
 |         return 0; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | #define SECTOR_SIZE 512 | 
 | #define DESC_SIZE (20 * SECTOR_SIZE)    /* 20 sectors of 512 bytes each */ | 
 | #define BUF_SIZE 4096 | 
 | #define HEADER_SIZE 512                 /* first sector of 512 bytes */ | 
 |  | 
 | static void vmdk_free_extents(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     int i; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     VmdkExtent *e; | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { | 
 |         e = &s->extents[i]; | 
 |         g_free(e->l1_table); | 
 |         g_free(e->l2_cache); | 
 |         g_free(e->l1_backup_table); | 
 |         g_free(e->type); | 
 |         if (e->file != bs->file) { | 
 |             bdrv_unref_child(bs, e->file); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     g_free(s->extents); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void vmdk_free_last_extent(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (s->num_extents == 0) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |     s->num_extents--; | 
 |     s->extents = g_renew(VmdkExtent, s->extents, s->num_extents); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static uint32_t vmdk_read_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, int parent) | 
 | { | 
 |     char desc[DESC_SIZE]; | 
 |     uint32_t cid = 0xffffffff; | 
 |     const char *p_name, *cid_str; | 
 |     size_t cid_str_size; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file->bs, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         return 0; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (parent) { | 
 |         cid_str = "parentCID"; | 
 |         cid_str_size = sizeof("parentCID"); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         cid_str = "CID"; | 
 |         cid_str_size = sizeof("CID"); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     desc[DESC_SIZE - 1] = '\0'; | 
 |     p_name = strstr(desc, cid_str); | 
 |     if (p_name != NULL) { | 
 |         p_name += cid_str_size; | 
 |         sscanf(p_name, "%" SCNx32, &cid); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return cid; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_write_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t cid) | 
 | { | 
 |     char desc[DESC_SIZE], tmp_desc[DESC_SIZE]; | 
 |     char *p_name, *tmp_str; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file->bs, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         return ret; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     desc[DESC_SIZE - 1] = '\0'; | 
 |     tmp_str = strstr(desc, "parentCID"); | 
 |     if (tmp_str == NULL) { | 
 |         return -EINVAL; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     pstrcpy(tmp_desc, sizeof(tmp_desc), tmp_str); | 
 |     p_name = strstr(desc, "CID"); | 
 |     if (p_name != NULL) { | 
 |         p_name += sizeof("CID"); | 
 |         snprintf(p_name, sizeof(desc) - (p_name - desc), "%" PRIx32 "\n", cid); | 
 |         pstrcat(desc, sizeof(desc), tmp_desc); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file->bs, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         return ret; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_is_cid_valid(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     uint32_t cur_pcid; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!s->cid_checked && bs->backing) { | 
 |         BlockDriverState *p_bs = bs->backing->bs; | 
 |  | 
 |         cur_pcid = vmdk_read_cid(p_bs, 0); | 
 |         if (s->parent_cid != cur_pcid) { | 
 |             /* CID not valid */ | 
 |             return 0; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     s->cid_checked = true; | 
 |     /* CID valid */ | 
 |     return 1; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* We have nothing to do for VMDK reopen, stubs just return success */ | 
 | static int vmdk_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state, | 
 |                                BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     assert(state != NULL); | 
 |     assert(state->bs != NULL); | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_parent_open(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     char *p_name; | 
 |     char desc[DESC_SIZE + 1]; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |  | 
 |     desc[DESC_SIZE] = '\0'; | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file->bs, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         return ret; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     p_name = strstr(desc, "parentFileNameHint"); | 
 |     if (p_name != NULL) { | 
 |         char *end_name; | 
 |  | 
 |         p_name += sizeof("parentFileNameHint") + 1; | 
 |         end_name = strchr(p_name, '\"'); | 
 |         if (end_name == NULL) { | 
 |             return -EINVAL; | 
 |         } | 
 |         if ((end_name - p_name) > sizeof(bs->backing_file) - 1) { | 
 |             return -EINVAL; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, end_name - p_name + 1, p_name); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Create and append extent to the extent array. Return the added VmdkExtent | 
 |  * address. return NULL if allocation failed. */ | 
 | static int vmdk_add_extent(BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |                            BdrvChild *file, bool flat, int64_t sectors, | 
 |                            int64_t l1_offset, int64_t l1_backup_offset, | 
 |                            uint32_t l1_size, | 
 |                            int l2_size, uint64_t cluster_sectors, | 
 |                            VmdkExtent **new_extent, | 
 |                            Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extent; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int64_t nb_sectors; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (cluster_sectors > 0x200000) { | 
 |         /* 0x200000 * 512Bytes = 1GB for one cluster is unrealistic */ | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "Invalid granularity, image may be corrupt"); | 
 |         return -EFBIG; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (l1_size > 512 * 1024 * 1024) { | 
 |         /* Although with big capacity and small l1_entry_sectors, we can get a | 
 |          * big l1_size, we don't want unbounded value to allocate the table. | 
 |          * Limit it to 512M, which is 16PB for default cluster and L2 table | 
 |          * size */ | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "L1 size too big"); | 
 |         return -EFBIG; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     nb_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(file->bs); | 
 |     if (nb_sectors < 0) { | 
 |         return nb_sectors; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     s->extents = g_renew(VmdkExtent, s->extents, s->num_extents + 1); | 
 |     extent = &s->extents[s->num_extents]; | 
 |     s->num_extents++; | 
 |  | 
 |     memset(extent, 0, sizeof(VmdkExtent)); | 
 |     extent->file = file; | 
 |     extent->flat = flat; | 
 |     extent->sectors = sectors; | 
 |     extent->l1_table_offset = l1_offset; | 
 |     extent->l1_backup_table_offset = l1_backup_offset; | 
 |     extent->l1_size = l1_size; | 
 |     extent->l1_entry_sectors = l2_size * cluster_sectors; | 
 |     extent->l2_size = l2_size; | 
 |     extent->cluster_sectors = flat ? sectors : cluster_sectors; | 
 |     extent->next_cluster_sector = ROUND_UP(nb_sectors, cluster_sectors); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (s->num_extents > 1) { | 
 |         extent->end_sector = (*(extent - 1)).end_sector + extent->sectors; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         extent->end_sector = extent->sectors; | 
 |     } | 
 |     bs->total_sectors = extent->end_sector; | 
 |     if (new_extent) { | 
 |         *new_extent = extent; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_init_tables(BlockDriverState *bs, VmdkExtent *extent, | 
 |                             Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     size_t l1_size; | 
 |     int i; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* read the L1 table */ | 
 |     l1_size = extent->l1_size * sizeof(uint32_t); | 
 |     extent->l1_table = g_try_malloc(l1_size); | 
 |     if (l1_size && extent->l1_table == NULL) { | 
 |         return -ENOMEM; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file->bs, | 
 |                      extent->l1_table_offset, | 
 |                      extent->l1_table, | 
 |                      l1_size); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, | 
 |                          "Could not read l1 table from extent '%s'", | 
 |                          extent->file->bs->filename); | 
 |         goto fail_l1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) { | 
 |         le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_table[i]); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset) { | 
 |         extent->l1_backup_table = g_try_malloc(l1_size); | 
 |         if (l1_size && extent->l1_backup_table == NULL) { | 
 |             ret = -ENOMEM; | 
 |             goto fail_l1; | 
 |         } | 
 |         ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file->bs, | 
 |                          extent->l1_backup_table_offset, | 
 |                          extent->l1_backup_table, | 
 |                          l1_size); | 
 |         if (ret < 0) { | 
 |             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, | 
 |                              "Could not read l1 backup table from extent '%s'", | 
 |                              extent->file->bs->filename); | 
 |             goto fail_l1b; | 
 |         } | 
 |         for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) { | 
 |             le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_backup_table[i]); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     extent->l2_cache = | 
 |         g_new(uint32_t, extent->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE); | 
 |     return 0; | 
 |  fail_l1b: | 
 |     g_free(extent->l1_backup_table); | 
 |  fail_l1: | 
 |     g_free(extent->l1_table); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_open_vmfs_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |                                  BdrvChild *file, | 
 |                                  int flags, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     uint32_t magic; | 
 |     VMDK3Header header; | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extent; | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pread(file->bs, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header)); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, | 
 |                          "Could not read header from file '%s'", | 
 |                          file->bs->filename); | 
 |         return ret; | 
 |     } | 
 |     ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, file, false, | 
 |                           le32_to_cpu(header.disk_sectors), | 
 |                           (int64_t)le32_to_cpu(header.l1dir_offset) << 9, | 
 |                           0, | 
 |                           le32_to_cpu(header.l1dir_size), | 
 |                           4096, | 
 |                           le32_to_cpu(header.granularity), | 
 |                           &extent, | 
 |                           errp); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         return ret; | 
 |     } | 
 |     ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent, errp); | 
 |     if (ret) { | 
 |         /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */ | 
 |         vmdk_free_last_extent(bs); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, char *buf, | 
 |                                QDict *options, Error **errp); | 
 |  | 
 | static char *vmdk_read_desc(BlockDriverState *file, uint64_t desc_offset, | 
 |                             Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     int64_t size; | 
 |     char *buf; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |  | 
 |     size = bdrv_getlength(file); | 
 |     if (size < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "Could not access file"); | 
 |         return NULL; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (size < 4) { | 
 |         /* Both descriptor file and sparse image must be much larger than 4 | 
 |          * bytes, also callers of vmdk_read_desc want to compare the first 4 | 
 |          * bytes with VMDK4_MAGIC, let's error out if less is read. */ | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "File is too small, not a valid image"); | 
 |         return NULL; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     size = MIN(size, (1 << 20) - 1);  /* avoid unbounded allocation */ | 
 |     buf = g_malloc(size + 1); | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pread(file, desc_offset, buf, size); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read from file"); | 
 |         g_free(buf); | 
 |         return NULL; | 
 |     } | 
 |     buf[ret] = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |     return buf; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_open_vmdk4(BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |                            BdrvChild *file, | 
 |                            int flags, QDict *options, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     uint32_t magic; | 
 |     uint32_t l1_size, l1_entry_sectors; | 
 |     VMDK4Header header; | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extent; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int64_t l1_backup_offset = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pread(file->bs, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header)); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, | 
 |                          "Could not read header from file '%s'", | 
 |                          file->bs->filename); | 
 |         return -EINVAL; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (header.capacity == 0) { | 
 |         uint64_t desc_offset = le64_to_cpu(header.desc_offset); | 
 |         if (desc_offset) { | 
 |             char *buf = vmdk_read_desc(file->bs, desc_offset << 9, errp); | 
 |             if (!buf) { | 
 |                 return -EINVAL; | 
 |             } | 
 |             ret = vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, buf, options, errp); | 
 |             g_free(buf); | 
 |             return ret; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!s->create_type) { | 
 |         s->create_type = g_strdup("monolithicSparse"); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) == VMDK4_GD_AT_END) { | 
 |         /* | 
 |          * The footer takes precedence over the header, so read it in. The | 
 |          * footer starts at offset -1024 from the end: One sector for the | 
 |          * footer, and another one for the end-of-stream marker. | 
 |          */ | 
 |         struct { | 
 |             struct { | 
 |                 uint64_t val; | 
 |                 uint32_t size; | 
 |                 uint32_t type; | 
 |                 uint8_t pad[512 - 16]; | 
 |             } QEMU_PACKED footer_marker; | 
 |  | 
 |             uint32_t magic; | 
 |             VMDK4Header header; | 
 |             uint8_t pad[512 - 4 - sizeof(VMDK4Header)]; | 
 |  | 
 |             struct { | 
 |                 uint64_t val; | 
 |                 uint32_t size; | 
 |                 uint32_t type; | 
 |                 uint8_t pad[512 - 16]; | 
 |             } QEMU_PACKED eos_marker; | 
 |         } QEMU_PACKED footer; | 
 |  | 
 |         ret = bdrv_pread(file->bs, | 
 |             bs->file->bs->total_sectors * 512 - 1536, | 
 |             &footer, sizeof(footer)); | 
 |         if (ret < 0) { | 
 |             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to read footer"); | 
 |             return ret; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         /* Some sanity checks for the footer */ | 
 |         if (be32_to_cpu(footer.magic) != VMDK4_MAGIC || | 
 |             le32_to_cpu(footer.footer_marker.size) != 0  || | 
 |             le32_to_cpu(footer.footer_marker.type) != MARKER_FOOTER || | 
 |             le64_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.val) != 0  || | 
 |             le32_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.size) != 0  || | 
 |             le32_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.type) != MARKER_END_OF_STREAM) | 
 |         { | 
 |             error_setg(errp, "Invalid footer"); | 
 |             return -EINVAL; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         header = footer.header; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (le32_to_cpu(header.version) > 3) { | 
 |         char buf[64]; | 
 |         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "VMDK version %" PRId32, | 
 |                  le32_to_cpu(header.version)); | 
 |         error_setg(errp, QERR_UNKNOWN_BLOCK_FORMAT_FEATURE, | 
 |                    bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs), "vmdk", buf); | 
 |         return -ENOTSUP; | 
 |     } else if (le32_to_cpu(header.version) == 3 && (flags & BDRV_O_RDWR)) { | 
 |         /* VMware KB 2064959 explains that version 3 added support for | 
 |          * persistent changed block tracking (CBT), and backup software can | 
 |          * read it as version=1 if it doesn't care about the changed area | 
 |          * information. So we are safe to enable read only. */ | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "VMDK version 3 must be read only"); | 
 |         return -EINVAL; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt) > 512) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "L2 table size too big"); | 
 |         return -EINVAL; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     l1_entry_sectors = le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt) | 
 |                         * le64_to_cpu(header.granularity); | 
 |     if (l1_entry_sectors == 0) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "L1 entry size is invalid"); | 
 |         return -EINVAL; | 
 |     } | 
 |     l1_size = (le64_to_cpu(header.capacity) + l1_entry_sectors - 1) | 
 |                 / l1_entry_sectors; | 
 |     if (le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_RGD) { | 
 |         l1_backup_offset = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) << 9; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (bdrv_nb_sectors(file->bs) < le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset)) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "File truncated, expecting at least %" PRId64 " bytes", | 
 |                    (int64_t)(le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset) | 
 |                              * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)); | 
 |         return -EINVAL; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, file, false, | 
 |                           le64_to_cpu(header.capacity), | 
 |                           le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) << 9, | 
 |                           l1_backup_offset, | 
 |                           l1_size, | 
 |                           le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt), | 
 |                           le64_to_cpu(header.granularity), | 
 |                           &extent, | 
 |                           errp); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         return ret; | 
 |     } | 
 |     extent->compressed = | 
 |         le16_to_cpu(header.compressAlgorithm) == VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE; | 
 |     if (extent->compressed) { | 
 |         g_free(s->create_type); | 
 |         s->create_type = g_strdup("streamOptimized"); | 
 |     } | 
 |     extent->has_marker = le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER; | 
 |     extent->version = le32_to_cpu(header.version); | 
 |     extent->has_zero_grain = le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN; | 
 |     ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent, errp); | 
 |     if (ret) { | 
 |         /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */ | 
 |         vmdk_free_last_extent(bs); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* find an option value out of descriptor file */ | 
 | static int vmdk_parse_description(const char *desc, const char *opt_name, | 
 |         char *buf, int buf_size) | 
 | { | 
 |     char *opt_pos, *opt_end; | 
 |     const char *end = desc + strlen(desc); | 
 |  | 
 |     opt_pos = strstr(desc, opt_name); | 
 |     if (!opt_pos) { | 
 |         return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* Skip "=\"" following opt_name */ | 
 |     opt_pos += strlen(opt_name) + 2; | 
 |     if (opt_pos >= end) { | 
 |         return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |     } | 
 |     opt_end = opt_pos; | 
 |     while (opt_end < end && *opt_end != '"') { | 
 |         opt_end++; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (opt_end == end || buf_size < opt_end - opt_pos + 1) { | 
 |         return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |     } | 
 |     pstrcpy(buf, opt_end - opt_pos + 1, opt_pos); | 
 |     return VMDK_OK; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Open an extent file and append to bs array */ | 
 | static int vmdk_open_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *file, int flags, | 
 |                             char *buf, QDict *options, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint32_t magic; | 
 |  | 
 |     magic = ldl_be_p(buf); | 
 |     switch (magic) { | 
 |         case VMDK3_MAGIC: | 
 |             return vmdk_open_vmfs_sparse(bs, file, flags, errp); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case VMDK4_MAGIC: | 
 |             return vmdk_open_vmdk4(bs, file, flags, options, errp); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         default: | 
 |             error_setg(errp, "Image not in VMDK format"); | 
 |             return -EINVAL; | 
 |             break; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_parse_extents(const char *desc, BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |                               const char *desc_file_path, QDict *options, | 
 |                               Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     int matches; | 
 |     char access[11]; | 
 |     char type[11]; | 
 |     char fname[512]; | 
 |     const char *p = desc; | 
 |     int64_t sectors = 0; | 
 |     int64_t flat_offset; | 
 |     char *extent_path; | 
 |     BdrvChild *extent_file; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extent; | 
 |     char extent_opt_prefix[32]; | 
 |     Error *local_err = NULL; | 
 |  | 
 |     while (*p) { | 
 |         /* parse extent line in one of below formats: | 
 |          * | 
 |          * RW [size in sectors] FLAT "file-name.vmdk" OFFSET | 
 |          * RW [size in sectors] SPARSE "file-name.vmdk" | 
 |          * RW [size in sectors] VMFS "file-name.vmdk" | 
 |          * RW [size in sectors] VMFSSPARSE "file-name.vmdk" | 
 |          */ | 
 |         flat_offset = -1; | 
 |         matches = sscanf(p, "%10s %" SCNd64 " %10s \"%511[^\n\r\"]\" %" SCNd64, | 
 |                          access, §ors, type, fname, &flat_offset); | 
 |         if (matches < 4 || strcmp(access, "RW")) { | 
 |             goto next_line; | 
 |         } else if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT")) { | 
 |             if (matches != 5 || flat_offset < 0) { | 
 |                 error_setg(errp, "Invalid extent lines: \n%s", p); | 
 |                 return -EINVAL; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } else if (!strcmp(type, "VMFS")) { | 
 |             if (matches == 4) { | 
 |                 flat_offset = 0; | 
 |             } else { | 
 |                 error_setg(errp, "Invalid extent lines:\n%s", p); | 
 |                 return -EINVAL; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } else if (matches != 4) { | 
 |             error_setg(errp, "Invalid extent lines:\n%s", p); | 
 |             return -EINVAL; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         if (sectors <= 0 || | 
 |             (strcmp(type, "FLAT") && strcmp(type, "SPARSE") && | 
 |              strcmp(type, "VMFS") && strcmp(type, "VMFSSPARSE")) || | 
 |             (strcmp(access, "RW"))) { | 
 |             goto next_line; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         if (!path_is_absolute(fname) && !path_has_protocol(fname) && | 
 |             !desc_file_path[0]) | 
 |         { | 
 |             error_setg(errp, "Cannot use relative extent paths with VMDK " | 
 |                        "descriptor file '%s'", bs->file->bs->filename); | 
 |             return -EINVAL; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         extent_path = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX); | 
 |         path_combine(extent_path, PATH_MAX, desc_file_path, fname); | 
 |  | 
 |         ret = snprintf(extent_opt_prefix, 32, "extents.%d", s->num_extents); | 
 |         assert(ret < 32); | 
 |  | 
 |         extent_file = bdrv_open_child(extent_path, options, extent_opt_prefix, | 
 |                                       bs, &child_file, false, &local_err); | 
 |         g_free(extent_path); | 
 |         if (local_err) { | 
 |             error_propagate(errp, local_err); | 
 |             return -EINVAL; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         /* save to extents array */ | 
 |         if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT") || !strcmp(type, "VMFS")) { | 
 |             /* FLAT extent */ | 
 |  | 
 |             ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, extent_file, true, sectors, | 
 |                             0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &extent, errp); | 
 |             if (ret < 0) { | 
 |                 bdrv_unref_child(bs, extent_file); | 
 |                 return ret; | 
 |             } | 
 |             extent->flat_start_offset = flat_offset << 9; | 
 |         } else if (!strcmp(type, "SPARSE") || !strcmp(type, "VMFSSPARSE")) { | 
 |             /* SPARSE extent and VMFSSPARSE extent are both "COWD" sparse file*/ | 
 |             char *buf = vmdk_read_desc(extent_file->bs, 0, errp); | 
 |             if (!buf) { | 
 |                 ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |             } else { | 
 |                 ret = vmdk_open_sparse(bs, extent_file, bs->open_flags, buf, | 
 |                                        options, errp); | 
 |             } | 
 |             g_free(buf); | 
 |             if (ret) { | 
 |                 bdrv_unref_child(bs, extent_file); | 
 |                 return ret; | 
 |             } | 
 |             extent = &s->extents[s->num_extents - 1]; | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             error_setg(errp, "Unsupported extent type '%s'", type); | 
 |             bdrv_unref_child(bs, extent_file); | 
 |             return -ENOTSUP; | 
 |         } | 
 |         extent->type = g_strdup(type); | 
 | next_line: | 
 |         /* move to next line */ | 
 |         while (*p) { | 
 |             if (*p == '\n') { | 
 |                 p++; | 
 |                 break; | 
 |             } | 
 |             p++; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, char *buf, | 
 |                                QDict *options, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     char ct[128]; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (vmdk_parse_description(buf, "createType", ct, sizeof(ct))) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "invalid VMDK image descriptor"); | 
 |         ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (strcmp(ct, "monolithicFlat") && | 
 |         strcmp(ct, "vmfs") && | 
 |         strcmp(ct, "vmfsSparse") && | 
 |         strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse") && | 
 |         strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat")) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "Unsupported image type '%s'", ct); | 
 |         ret = -ENOTSUP; | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     s->create_type = g_strdup(ct); | 
 |     s->desc_offset = 0; | 
 |     ret = vmdk_parse_extents(buf, bs, bs->file->bs->exact_filename, options, | 
 |                              errp); | 
 | exit: | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags, | 
 |                      Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     char *buf; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     uint32_t magic; | 
 |  | 
 |     buf = vmdk_read_desc(bs->file->bs, 0, errp); | 
 |     if (!buf) { | 
 |         return -EINVAL; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     magic = ldl_be_p(buf); | 
 |     switch (magic) { | 
 |         case VMDK3_MAGIC: | 
 |         case VMDK4_MAGIC: | 
 |             ret = vmdk_open_sparse(bs, bs->file, flags, buf, options, | 
 |                                    errp); | 
 |             s->desc_offset = 0x200; | 
 |             break; | 
 |         default: | 
 |             ret = vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, buf, options, errp); | 
 |             break; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (ret) { | 
 |         goto fail; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* try to open parent images, if exist */ | 
 |     ret = vmdk_parent_open(bs); | 
 |     if (ret) { | 
 |         goto fail; | 
 |     } | 
 |     s->cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 0); | 
 |     s->parent_cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 1); | 
 |     qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Disable migration when VMDK images are used */ | 
 |     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vmdk format used by node '%s' " | 
 |                "does not support live migration", | 
 |                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs)); | 
 |     migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker); | 
 |     g_free(buf); | 
 |     return 0; | 
 |  | 
 | fail: | 
 |     g_free(buf); | 
 |     g_free(s->create_type); | 
 |     s->create_type = NULL; | 
 |     vmdk_free_extents(bs); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | static void vmdk_refresh_limits(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int i; | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { | 
 |         if (!s->extents[i].flat) { | 
 |             bs->bl.write_zeroes_alignment = | 
 |                 MAX(bs->bl.write_zeroes_alignment, | 
 |                     s->extents[i].cluster_sectors); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /** | 
 |  * get_whole_cluster | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Copy backing file's cluster that covers @sector_num, otherwise write zero, | 
 |  * to the cluster at @cluster_sector_num. | 
 |  * | 
 |  * If @skip_start_sector < @skip_end_sector, the relative range | 
 |  * [@skip_start_sector, @skip_end_sector) is not copied or written, and leave | 
 |  * it for call to write user data in the request. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static int get_whole_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |                              VmdkExtent *extent, | 
 |                              uint64_t cluster_sector_num, | 
 |                              uint64_t sector_num, | 
 |                              uint64_t skip_start_sector, | 
 |                              uint64_t skip_end_sector) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret = VMDK_OK; | 
 |     int64_t cluster_bytes; | 
 |     uint8_t *whole_grain; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* For COW, align request sector_num to cluster start */ | 
 |     sector_num = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(sector_num, extent->cluster_sectors); | 
 |     cluster_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS; | 
 |     whole_grain = qemu_blockalign(bs, cluster_bytes); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!bs->backing) { | 
 |         memset(whole_grain, 0,  skip_start_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS); | 
 |         memset(whole_grain + (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), 0, | 
 |                cluster_bytes - (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(skip_end_sector <= extent->cluster_sectors); | 
 |     /* we will be here if it's first write on non-exist grain(cluster). | 
 |      * try to read from parent image, if exist */ | 
 |     if (bs->backing && !vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) { | 
 |         ret = VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Read backing data before skip range */ | 
 |     if (skip_start_sector > 0) { | 
 |         if (bs->backing) { | 
 |             ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing->bs, sector_num, | 
 |                             whole_grain, skip_start_sector); | 
 |             if (ret < 0) { | 
 |                 ret = VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |                 goto exit; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         ret = bdrv_write(extent->file->bs, cluster_sector_num, whole_grain, | 
 |                          skip_start_sector); | 
 |         if (ret < 0) { | 
 |             ret = VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |             goto exit; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* Read backing data after skip range */ | 
 |     if (skip_end_sector < extent->cluster_sectors) { | 
 |         if (bs->backing) { | 
 |             ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing->bs, sector_num + skip_end_sector, | 
 |                             whole_grain + (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), | 
 |                             extent->cluster_sectors - skip_end_sector); | 
 |             if (ret < 0) { | 
 |                 ret = VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |                 goto exit; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         ret = bdrv_write(extent->file->bs, cluster_sector_num + skip_end_sector, | 
 |                          whole_grain + (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), | 
 |                          extent->cluster_sectors - skip_end_sector); | 
 |         if (ret < 0) { | 
 |             ret = VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |             goto exit; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 | exit: | 
 |     qemu_vfree(whole_grain); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_L2update(VmdkExtent *extent, VmdkMetaData *m_data, | 
 |                          uint32_t offset) | 
 | { | 
 |     offset = cpu_to_le32(offset); | 
 |     /* update L2 table */ | 
 |     if (bdrv_pwrite_sync( | 
 |                 extent->file->bs, | 
 |                 ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512) | 
 |                     + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(offset)), | 
 |                 &offset, sizeof(offset)) < 0) { | 
 |         return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* update backup L2 table */ | 
 |     if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset != 0) { | 
 |         m_data->l2_offset = extent->l1_backup_table[m_data->l1_index]; | 
 |         if (bdrv_pwrite_sync( | 
 |                     extent->file->bs, | 
 |                     ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512) | 
 |                         + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(offset)), | 
 |                     &offset, sizeof(offset)) < 0) { | 
 |             return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (m_data->l2_cache_entry) { | 
 |         *m_data->l2_cache_entry = offset; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return VMDK_OK; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /** | 
 |  * get_cluster_offset | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Look up cluster offset in extent file by sector number, and store in | 
 |  * @cluster_offset. | 
 |  * | 
 |  * For flat extents, the start offset as parsed from the description file is | 
 |  * returned. | 
 |  * | 
 |  * For sparse extents, look up in L1, L2 table. If allocate is true, return an | 
 |  * offset for a new cluster and update L2 cache. If there is a backing file, | 
 |  * COW is done before returning; otherwise, zeroes are written to the allocated | 
 |  * cluster. Both COW and zero writing skips the sector range | 
 |  * [@skip_start_sector, @skip_end_sector) passed in by caller, because caller | 
 |  * has new data to write there. | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Returns: VMDK_OK if cluster exists and mapped in the image. | 
 |  *          VMDK_UNALLOC if cluster is not mapped and @allocate is false. | 
 |  *          VMDK_ERROR if failed. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static int get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |                               VmdkExtent *extent, | 
 |                               VmdkMetaData *m_data, | 
 |                               uint64_t offset, | 
 |                               bool allocate, | 
 |                               uint64_t *cluster_offset, | 
 |                               uint64_t skip_start_sector, | 
 |                               uint64_t skip_end_sector) | 
 | { | 
 |     unsigned int l1_index, l2_offset, l2_index; | 
 |     int min_index, i, j; | 
 |     uint32_t min_count, *l2_table; | 
 |     bool zeroed = false; | 
 |     int64_t ret; | 
 |     int64_t cluster_sector; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (m_data) { | 
 |         m_data->valid = 0; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (extent->flat) { | 
 |         *cluster_offset = extent->flat_start_offset; | 
 |         return VMDK_OK; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     offset -= (extent->end_sector - extent->sectors) * SECTOR_SIZE; | 
 |     l1_index = (offset >> 9) / extent->l1_entry_sectors; | 
 |     if (l1_index >= extent->l1_size) { | 
 |         return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |     } | 
 |     l2_offset = extent->l1_table[l1_index]; | 
 |     if (!l2_offset) { | 
 |         return VMDK_UNALLOC; | 
 |     } | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) { | 
 |         if (l2_offset == extent->l2_cache_offsets[i]) { | 
 |             /* increment the hit count */ | 
 |             if (++extent->l2_cache_counts[i] == 0xffffffff) { | 
 |                 for (j = 0; j < L2_CACHE_SIZE; j++) { | 
 |                     extent->l2_cache_counts[j] >>= 1; | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } | 
 |             l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (i * extent->l2_size); | 
 |             goto found; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* not found: load a new entry in the least used one */ | 
 |     min_index = 0; | 
 |     min_count = 0xffffffff; | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) { | 
 |         if (extent->l2_cache_counts[i] < min_count) { | 
 |             min_count = extent->l2_cache_counts[i]; | 
 |             min_index = i; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (min_index * extent->l2_size); | 
 |     if (bdrv_pread( | 
 |                 extent->file->bs, | 
 |                 (int64_t)l2_offset * 512, | 
 |                 l2_table, | 
 |                 extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t) | 
 |             ) != extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t)) { | 
 |         return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     extent->l2_cache_offsets[min_index] = l2_offset; | 
 |     extent->l2_cache_counts[min_index] = 1; | 
 |  found: | 
 |     l2_index = ((offset >> 9) / extent->cluster_sectors) % extent->l2_size; | 
 |     cluster_sector = le32_to_cpu(l2_table[l2_index]); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (m_data) { | 
 |         m_data->valid = 1; | 
 |         m_data->l1_index = l1_index; | 
 |         m_data->l2_index = l2_index; | 
 |         m_data->l2_offset = l2_offset; | 
 |         m_data->l2_cache_entry = &l2_table[l2_index]; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (extent->has_zero_grain && cluster_sector == VMDK_GTE_ZEROED) { | 
 |         zeroed = true; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!cluster_sector || zeroed) { | 
 |         if (!allocate) { | 
 |             return zeroed ? VMDK_ZEROED : VMDK_UNALLOC; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         cluster_sector = extent->next_cluster_sector; | 
 |         extent->next_cluster_sector += extent->cluster_sectors; | 
 |  | 
 |         /* First of all we write grain itself, to avoid race condition | 
 |          * that may to corrupt the image. | 
 |          * This problem may occur because of insufficient space on host disk | 
 |          * or inappropriate VM shutdown. | 
 |          */ | 
 |         ret = get_whole_cluster(bs, extent, | 
 |                                 cluster_sector, | 
 |                                 offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, | 
 |                                 skip_start_sector, skip_end_sector); | 
 |         if (ret) { | 
 |             return ret; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     *cluster_offset = cluster_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS; | 
 |     return VMDK_OK; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static VmdkExtent *find_extent(BDRVVmdkState *s, | 
 |                                 int64_t sector_num, VmdkExtent *start_hint) | 
 | { | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extent = start_hint; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!extent) { | 
 |         extent = &s->extents[0]; | 
 |     } | 
 |     while (extent < &s->extents[s->num_extents]) { | 
 |         if (sector_num < extent->end_sector) { | 
 |             return extent; | 
 |         } | 
 |         extent++; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return NULL; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static inline uint64_t vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(VmdkExtent *extent, | 
 |                                                   int64_t sector_num) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint64_t index_in_cluster, extent_begin_sector, extent_relative_sector_num; | 
 |  | 
 |     extent_begin_sector = extent->end_sector - extent->sectors; | 
 |     extent_relative_sector_num = sector_num - extent_begin_sector; | 
 |     index_in_cluster = extent_relative_sector_num % extent->cluster_sectors; | 
 |     return index_in_cluster; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int64_t coroutine_fn vmdk_co_get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |         int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, int *pnum) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int64_t index_in_cluster, n, ret; | 
 |     uint64_t offset; | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extent; | 
 |  | 
 |     extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, NULL); | 
 |     if (!extent) { | 
 |         return 0; | 
 |     } | 
 |     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock); | 
 |     ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL, | 
 |                              sector_num * 512, false, &offset, | 
 |                              0, 0); | 
 |     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock); | 
 |  | 
 |     switch (ret) { | 
 |     case VMDK_ERROR: | 
 |         ret = -EIO; | 
 |         break; | 
 |     case VMDK_UNALLOC: | 
 |         ret = 0; | 
 |         break; | 
 |     case VMDK_ZEROED: | 
 |         ret = BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO; | 
 |         break; | 
 |     case VMDK_OK: | 
 |         ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA; | 
 |         if (extent->file == bs->file && !extent->compressed) { | 
 |             ret |= BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID | offset; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         break; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(extent, sector_num); | 
 |     n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster; | 
 |     if (n > nb_sectors) { | 
 |         n = nb_sectors; | 
 |     } | 
 |     *pnum = n; | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_write_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset, | 
 |                             int64_t offset_in_cluster, const uint8_t *buf, | 
 |                             int nb_sectors, int64_t sector_num) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     VmdkGrainMarker *data = NULL; | 
 |     uLongf buf_len; | 
 |     const uint8_t *write_buf = buf; | 
 |     int write_len = nb_sectors * 512; | 
 |     int64_t write_offset; | 
 |     int64_t write_end_sector; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (extent->compressed) { | 
 |         if (!extent->has_marker) { | 
 |             ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |             goto out; | 
 |         } | 
 |         buf_len = (extent->cluster_sectors << 9) * 2; | 
 |         data = g_malloc(buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker)); | 
 |         if (compress(data->data, &buf_len, buf, nb_sectors << 9) != Z_OK || | 
 |                 buf_len == 0) { | 
 |             ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |             goto out; | 
 |         } | 
 |         data->lba = sector_num; | 
 |         data->size = buf_len; | 
 |         write_buf = (uint8_t *)data; | 
 |         write_len = buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker); | 
 |     } | 
 |     write_offset = cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster, | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pwrite(extent->file->bs, write_offset, write_buf, write_len); | 
 |  | 
 |     write_end_sector = DIV_ROUND_UP(write_offset + write_len, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (extent->compressed) { | 
 |         extent->next_cluster_sector = write_end_sector; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         extent->next_cluster_sector = MAX(extent->next_cluster_sector, | 
 |                                           write_end_sector); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (ret != write_len) { | 
 |         ret = ret < 0 ? ret : -EIO; | 
 |         goto out; | 
 |     } | 
 |     ret = 0; | 
 |  out: | 
 |     g_free(data); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_read_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset, | 
 |                             int64_t offset_in_cluster, uint8_t *buf, | 
 |                             int nb_sectors) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     int cluster_bytes, buf_bytes; | 
 |     uint8_t *cluster_buf, *compressed_data; | 
 |     uint8_t *uncomp_buf; | 
 |     uint32_t data_len; | 
 |     VmdkGrainMarker *marker; | 
 |     uLongf buf_len; | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!extent->compressed) { | 
 |         ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file->bs, | 
 |                           cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster, | 
 |                           buf, nb_sectors * 512); | 
 |         if (ret == nb_sectors * 512) { | 
 |             return 0; | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             return -EIO; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     cluster_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors * 512; | 
 |     /* Read two clusters in case GrainMarker + compressed data > one cluster */ | 
 |     buf_bytes = cluster_bytes * 2; | 
 |     cluster_buf = g_malloc(buf_bytes); | 
 |     uncomp_buf = g_malloc(cluster_bytes); | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file->bs, | 
 |                 cluster_offset, | 
 |                 cluster_buf, buf_bytes); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         goto out; | 
 |     } | 
 |     compressed_data = cluster_buf; | 
 |     buf_len = cluster_bytes; | 
 |     data_len = cluster_bytes; | 
 |     if (extent->has_marker) { | 
 |         marker = (VmdkGrainMarker *)cluster_buf; | 
 |         compressed_data = marker->data; | 
 |         data_len = le32_to_cpu(marker->size); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (!data_len || data_len > buf_bytes) { | 
 |         ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |         goto out; | 
 |     } | 
 |     ret = uncompress(uncomp_buf, &buf_len, compressed_data, data_len); | 
 |     if (ret != Z_OK) { | 
 |         ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |         goto out; | 
 |  | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (offset_in_cluster < 0 || | 
 |             offset_in_cluster + nb_sectors * 512 > buf_len) { | 
 |         ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |         goto out; | 
 |     } | 
 |     memcpy(buf, uncomp_buf + offset_in_cluster, nb_sectors * 512); | 
 |     ret = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |  out: | 
 |     g_free(uncomp_buf); | 
 |     g_free(cluster_buf); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_read(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, | 
 |                     uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     uint64_t n, index_in_cluster; | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extent = NULL; | 
 |     uint64_t cluster_offset; | 
 |  | 
 |     while (nb_sectors > 0) { | 
 |         extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent); | 
 |         if (!extent) { | 
 |             return -EIO; | 
 |         } | 
 |         ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL, | 
 |                                  sector_num << 9, false, &cluster_offset, | 
 |                                  0, 0); | 
 |         index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(extent, sector_num); | 
 |         n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster; | 
 |         if (n > nb_sectors) { | 
 |             n = nb_sectors; | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (ret != VMDK_OK) { | 
 |             /* if not allocated, try to read from parent image, if exist */ | 
 |             if (bs->backing && ret != VMDK_ZEROED) { | 
 |                 if (!vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) { | 
 |                     return -EINVAL; | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing->bs, sector_num, buf, n); | 
 |                 if (ret < 0) { | 
 |                     return ret; | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } else { | 
 |                 memset(buf, 0, 512 * n); | 
 |             } | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             ret = vmdk_read_extent(extent, | 
 |                             cluster_offset, index_in_cluster * 512, | 
 |                             buf, n); | 
 |             if (ret) { | 
 |                 return ret; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         nb_sectors -= n; | 
 |         sector_num += n; | 
 |         buf += n * 512; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_read(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, | 
 |                                      uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock); | 
 |     ret = vmdk_read(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors); | 
 |     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /** | 
 |  * vmdk_write: | 
 |  * @zeroed:       buf is ignored (data is zero), use zeroed_grain GTE feature | 
 |  *                if possible, otherwise return -ENOTSUP. | 
 |  * @zero_dry_run: used for zeroed == true only, don't update L2 table, just try | 
 |  *                with each cluster. By dry run we can find if the zero write | 
 |  *                is possible without modifying image data. | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Returns: error code with 0 for success. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static int vmdk_write(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, | 
 |                       const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors, | 
 |                       bool zeroed, bool zero_dry_run) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extent = NULL; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     int64_t index_in_cluster, n; | 
 |     uint64_t cluster_offset; | 
 |     VmdkMetaData m_data; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (sector_num > bs->total_sectors) { | 
 |         error_report("Wrong offset: sector_num=0x%" PRIx64 | 
 |                 " total_sectors=0x%" PRIx64 "\n", | 
 |                 sector_num, bs->total_sectors); | 
 |         return -EIO; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     while (nb_sectors > 0) { | 
 |         extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent); | 
 |         if (!extent) { | 
 |             return -EIO; | 
 |         } | 
 |         index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(extent, sector_num); | 
 |         n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster; | 
 |         if (n > nb_sectors) { | 
 |             n = nb_sectors; | 
 |         } | 
 |         ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, &m_data, sector_num << 9, | 
 |                                  !(extent->compressed || zeroed), | 
 |                                  &cluster_offset, | 
 |                                  index_in_cluster, index_in_cluster + n); | 
 |         if (extent->compressed) { | 
 |             if (ret == VMDK_OK) { | 
 |                 /* Refuse write to allocated cluster for streamOptimized */ | 
 |                 error_report("Could not write to allocated cluster" | 
 |                               " for streamOptimized"); | 
 |                 return -EIO; | 
 |             } else { | 
 |                 /* allocate */ | 
 |                 ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, &m_data, sector_num << 9, | 
 |                                          true, &cluster_offset, 0, 0); | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (ret == VMDK_ERROR) { | 
 |             return -EINVAL; | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (zeroed) { | 
 |             /* Do zeroed write, buf is ignored */ | 
 |             if (extent->has_zero_grain && | 
 |                     index_in_cluster == 0 && | 
 |                     n >= extent->cluster_sectors) { | 
 |                 n = extent->cluster_sectors; | 
 |                 if (!zero_dry_run) { | 
 |                     /* update L2 tables */ | 
 |                     if (vmdk_L2update(extent, &m_data, VMDK_GTE_ZEROED) | 
 |                             != VMDK_OK) { | 
 |                         return -EIO; | 
 |                     } | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } else { | 
 |                 return -ENOTSUP; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             ret = vmdk_write_extent(extent, | 
 |                             cluster_offset, index_in_cluster * 512, | 
 |                             buf, n, sector_num); | 
 |             if (ret) { | 
 |                 return ret; | 
 |             } | 
 |             if (m_data.valid) { | 
 |                 /* update L2 tables */ | 
 |                 if (vmdk_L2update(extent, &m_data, | 
 |                                   cluster_offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) | 
 |                         != VMDK_OK) { | 
 |                     return -EIO; | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         nb_sectors -= n; | 
 |         sector_num += n; | 
 |         buf += n * 512; | 
 |  | 
 |         /* update CID on the first write every time the virtual disk is | 
 |          * opened */ | 
 |         if (!s->cid_updated) { | 
 |             ret = vmdk_write_cid(bs, g_random_int()); | 
 |             if (ret < 0) { | 
 |                 return ret; | 
 |             } | 
 |             s->cid_updated = true; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_write(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, | 
 |                                       const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock); | 
 |     ret = vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors, false, false); | 
 |     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_write_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |                                  int64_t sector_num, | 
 |                                  const uint8_t *buf, | 
 |                                  int nb_sectors) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     if (s->num_extents == 1 && s->extents[0].compressed) { | 
 |         return vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors, false, false); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         return -ENOTSUP; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_write_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |                                              int64_t sector_num, | 
 |                                              int nb_sectors, | 
 |                                              BdrvRequestFlags flags) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock); | 
 |     /* write zeroes could fail if sectors not aligned to cluster, test it with | 
 |      * dry_run == true before really updating image */ | 
 |     ret = vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, NULL, nb_sectors, true, true); | 
 |     if (!ret) { | 
 |         ret = vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, NULL, nb_sectors, true, false); | 
 |     } | 
 |     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_create_extent(const char *filename, int64_t filesize, | 
 |                               bool flat, bool compress, bool zeroed_grain, | 
 |                               QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ret, i; | 
 |     BlockDriverState *bs = NULL; | 
 |     VMDK4Header header; | 
 |     Error *local_err = NULL; | 
 |     uint32_t tmp, magic, grains, gd_sectors, gt_size, gt_count; | 
 |     uint32_t *gd_buf = NULL; | 
 |     int gd_buf_size; | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, local_err); | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(bs == NULL); | 
 |     ret = bdrv_open(&bs, filename, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL, | 
 |                     &local_err); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, local_err); | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (flat) { | 
 |         ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, filesize); | 
 |         if (ret < 0) { | 
 |             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not truncate file"); | 
 |         } | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     magic = cpu_to_be32(VMDK4_MAGIC); | 
 |     memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header)); | 
 |     header.version = zeroed_grain ? 2 : 1; | 
 |     header.flags = VMDK4_FLAG_RGD | VMDK4_FLAG_NL_DETECT | 
 |                    | (compress ? VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS | VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER : 0) | 
 |                    | (zeroed_grain ? VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN : 0); | 
 |     header.compressAlgorithm = compress ? VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE : 0; | 
 |     header.capacity = filesize / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE; | 
 |     header.granularity = 128; | 
 |     header.num_gtes_per_gt = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE; | 
 |  | 
 |     grains = DIV_ROUND_UP(filesize / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, header.granularity); | 
 |     gt_size = DIV_ROUND_UP(header.num_gtes_per_gt * sizeof(uint32_t), | 
 |                            BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE); | 
 |     gt_count = DIV_ROUND_UP(grains, header.num_gtes_per_gt); | 
 |     gd_sectors = DIV_ROUND_UP(gt_count * sizeof(uint32_t), BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE); | 
 |  | 
 |     header.desc_offset = 1; | 
 |     header.desc_size = 20; | 
 |     header.rgd_offset = header.desc_offset + header.desc_size; | 
 |     header.gd_offset = header.rgd_offset + gd_sectors + (gt_size * gt_count); | 
 |     header.grain_offset = | 
 |         ROUND_UP(header.gd_offset + gd_sectors + (gt_size * gt_count), | 
 |                  header.granularity); | 
 |     /* swap endianness for all header fields */ | 
 |     header.version = cpu_to_le32(header.version); | 
 |     header.flags = cpu_to_le32(header.flags); | 
 |     header.capacity = cpu_to_le64(header.capacity); | 
 |     header.granularity = cpu_to_le64(header.granularity); | 
 |     header.num_gtes_per_gt = cpu_to_le32(header.num_gtes_per_gt); | 
 |     header.desc_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_offset); | 
 |     header.desc_size = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_size); | 
 |     header.rgd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.rgd_offset); | 
 |     header.gd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.gd_offset); | 
 |     header.grain_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.grain_offset); | 
 |     header.compressAlgorithm = cpu_to_le16(header.compressAlgorithm); | 
 |  | 
 |     header.check_bytes[0] = 0xa; | 
 |     header.check_bytes[1] = 0x20; | 
 |     header.check_bytes[2] = 0xd; | 
 |     header.check_bytes[3] = 0xa; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* write all the data */ | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, 0, &magic, sizeof(magic)); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR); | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header)); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR); | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset) << 9); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not truncate file"); | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* write grain directory */ | 
 |     gd_buf_size = gd_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE; | 
 |     gd_buf = g_malloc0(gd_buf_size); | 
 |     for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) + gd_sectors; | 
 |          i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) { | 
 |         gd_buf[i] = cpu_to_le32(tmp); | 
 |     } | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, | 
 |                       gd_buf, gd_buf_size); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR); | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* write backup grain directory */ | 
 |     for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) + gd_sectors; | 
 |          i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) { | 
 |         gd_buf[i] = cpu_to_le32(tmp); | 
 |     } | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, | 
 |                       gd_buf, gd_buf_size); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR); | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = 0; | 
 | exit: | 
 |     if (bs) { | 
 |         bdrv_unref(bs); | 
 |     } | 
 |     g_free(gd_buf); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int filename_decompose(const char *filename, char *path, char *prefix, | 
 |                               char *postfix, size_t buf_len, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     const char *p, *q; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (filename == NULL || !strlen(filename)) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "No filename provided"); | 
 |         return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |     } | 
 |     p = strrchr(filename, '/'); | 
 |     if (p == NULL) { | 
 |         p = strrchr(filename, '\\'); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (p == NULL) { | 
 |         p = strrchr(filename, ':'); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (p != NULL) { | 
 |         p++; | 
 |         if (p - filename >= buf_len) { | 
 |             return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |         } | 
 |         pstrcpy(path, p - filename + 1, filename); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         p = filename; | 
 |         path[0] = '\0'; | 
 |     } | 
 |     q = strrchr(p, '.'); | 
 |     if (q == NULL) { | 
 |         pstrcpy(prefix, buf_len, p); | 
 |         postfix[0] = '\0'; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         if (q - p >= buf_len) { | 
 |             return VMDK_ERROR; | 
 |         } | 
 |         pstrcpy(prefix, q - p + 1, p); | 
 |         pstrcpy(postfix, buf_len, q); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return VMDK_OK; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_create(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     int idx = 0; | 
 |     BlockDriverState *new_bs = NULL; | 
 |     Error *local_err = NULL; | 
 |     char *desc = NULL; | 
 |     int64_t total_size = 0, filesize; | 
 |     char *adapter_type = NULL; | 
 |     char *backing_file = NULL; | 
 |     char *fmt = NULL; | 
 |     int flags = 0; | 
 |     int ret = 0; | 
 |     bool flat, split, compress; | 
 |     GString *ext_desc_lines; | 
 |     char *path = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX); | 
 |     char *prefix = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX); | 
 |     char *postfix = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX); | 
 |     char *desc_line = g_malloc0(BUF_SIZE); | 
 |     char *ext_filename = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX); | 
 |     char *desc_filename = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX); | 
 |     const int64_t split_size = 0x80000000;  /* VMDK has constant split size */ | 
 |     const char *desc_extent_line; | 
 |     char *parent_desc_line = g_malloc0(BUF_SIZE); | 
 |     uint32_t parent_cid = 0xffffffff; | 
 |     uint32_t number_heads = 16; | 
 |     bool zeroed_grain = false; | 
 |     uint32_t desc_offset = 0, desc_len; | 
 |     const char desc_template[] = | 
 |         "# Disk DescriptorFile\n" | 
 |         "version=1\n" | 
 |         "CID=%" PRIx32 "\n" | 
 |         "parentCID=%" PRIx32 "\n" | 
 |         "createType=\"%s\"\n" | 
 |         "%s" | 
 |         "\n" | 
 |         "# Extent description\n" | 
 |         "%s" | 
 |         "\n" | 
 |         "# The Disk Data Base\n" | 
 |         "#DDB\n" | 
 |         "\n" | 
 |         "ddb.virtualHWVersion = \"%d\"\n" | 
 |         "ddb.geometry.cylinders = \"%" PRId64 "\"\n" | 
 |         "ddb.geometry.heads = \"%" PRIu32 "\"\n" | 
 |         "ddb.geometry.sectors = \"63\"\n" | 
 |         "ddb.adapterType = \"%s\"\n"; | 
 |  | 
 |     ext_desc_lines = g_string_new(NULL); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (filename_decompose(filename, path, prefix, postfix, PATH_MAX, errp)) { | 
 |         ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* Read out options */ | 
 |     total_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0), | 
 |                           BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE); | 
 |     adapter_type = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE); | 
 |     backing_file = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE); | 
 |     if (qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6, false)) { | 
 |         flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6; | 
 |     } | 
 |     fmt = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT); | 
 |     if (qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN, false)) { | 
 |         zeroed_grain = true; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!adapter_type) { | 
 |         adapter_type = g_strdup("ide"); | 
 |     } else if (strcmp(adapter_type, "ide") && | 
 |                strcmp(adapter_type, "buslogic") && | 
 |                strcmp(adapter_type, "lsilogic") && | 
 |                strcmp(adapter_type, "legacyESX")) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "Unknown adapter type: '%s'", adapter_type); | 
 |         ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (strcmp(adapter_type, "ide") != 0) { | 
 |         /* that's the number of heads with which vmware operates when | 
 |            creating, exporting, etc. vmdk files with a non-ide adapter type */ | 
 |         number_heads = 255; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (!fmt) { | 
 |         /* Default format to monolithicSparse */ | 
 |         fmt = g_strdup("monolithicSparse"); | 
 |     } else if (strcmp(fmt, "monolithicFlat") && | 
 |                strcmp(fmt, "monolithicSparse") && | 
 |                strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse") && | 
 |                strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat") && | 
 |                strcmp(fmt, "streamOptimized")) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "Unknown subformat: '%s'", fmt); | 
 |         ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     split = !(strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat") && | 
 |               strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse")); | 
 |     flat = !(strcmp(fmt, "monolithicFlat") && | 
 |              strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat")); | 
 |     compress = !strcmp(fmt, "streamOptimized"); | 
 |     if (flat) { | 
 |         desc_extent_line = "RW %" PRId64 " FLAT \"%s\" 0\n"; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         desc_extent_line = "RW %" PRId64 " SPARSE \"%s\"\n"; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (flat && backing_file) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "Flat image can't have backing file"); | 
 |         ret = -ENOTSUP; | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (flat && zeroed_grain) { | 
 |         error_setg(errp, "Flat image can't enable zeroed grain"); | 
 |         ret = -ENOTSUP; | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (backing_file) { | 
 |         BlockDriverState *bs = NULL; | 
 |         char *full_backing = g_new0(char, PATH_MAX); | 
 |         bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(filename, backing_file, | 
 |                                                      full_backing, PATH_MAX, | 
 |                                                      &local_err); | 
 |         if (local_err) { | 
 |             g_free(full_backing); | 
 |             error_propagate(errp, local_err); | 
 |             ret = -ENOENT; | 
 |             goto exit; | 
 |         } | 
 |         ret = bdrv_open(&bs, full_backing, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, errp); | 
 |         g_free(full_backing); | 
 |         if (ret != 0) { | 
 |             goto exit; | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (strcmp(bs->drv->format_name, "vmdk")) { | 
 |             bdrv_unref(bs); | 
 |             ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |             goto exit; | 
 |         } | 
 |         parent_cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 0); | 
 |         bdrv_unref(bs); | 
 |         snprintf(parent_desc_line, BUF_SIZE, | 
 |                 "parentFileNameHint=\"%s\"", backing_file); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Create extents */ | 
 |     filesize = total_size; | 
 |     while (filesize > 0) { | 
 |         int64_t size = filesize; | 
 |  | 
 |         if (split && size > split_size) { | 
 |             size = split_size; | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (split) { | 
 |             snprintf(desc_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s-%c%03d%s", | 
 |                     prefix, flat ? 'f' : 's', ++idx, postfix); | 
 |         } else if (flat) { | 
 |             snprintf(desc_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s-flat%s", prefix, postfix); | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             snprintf(desc_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", prefix, postfix); | 
 |         } | 
 |         snprintf(ext_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", path, desc_filename); | 
 |  | 
 |         if (vmdk_create_extent(ext_filename, size, | 
 |                                flat, compress, zeroed_grain, opts, errp)) { | 
 |             ret = -EINVAL; | 
 |             goto exit; | 
 |         } | 
 |         filesize -= size; | 
 |  | 
 |         /* Format description line */ | 
 |         snprintf(desc_line, BUF_SIZE, | 
 |                     desc_extent_line, size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, desc_filename); | 
 |         g_string_append(ext_desc_lines, desc_line); | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* generate descriptor file */ | 
 |     desc = g_strdup_printf(desc_template, | 
 |                            g_random_int(), | 
 |                            parent_cid, | 
 |                            fmt, | 
 |                            parent_desc_line, | 
 |                            ext_desc_lines->str, | 
 |                            (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6 ? 6 : 4), | 
 |                            total_size / | 
 |                                (int64_t)(63 * number_heads * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE), | 
 |                            number_heads, | 
 |                            adapter_type); | 
 |     desc_len = strlen(desc); | 
 |     /* the descriptor offset = 0x200 */ | 
 |     if (!split && !flat) { | 
 |         desc_offset = 0x200; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err); | 
 |         if (ret < 0) { | 
 |             error_propagate(errp, local_err); | 
 |             goto exit; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     assert(new_bs == NULL); | 
 |     ret = bdrv_open(&new_bs, filename, NULL, NULL, | 
 |                     BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL, &local_err); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, local_err); | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     ret = bdrv_pwrite(new_bs, desc_offset, desc, desc_len); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not write description"); | 
 |         goto exit; | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* bdrv_pwrite write padding zeros to align to sector, we don't need that | 
 |      * for description file */ | 
 |     if (desc_offset == 0) { | 
 |         ret = bdrv_truncate(new_bs, desc_len); | 
 |         if (ret < 0) { | 
 |             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not truncate file"); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | exit: | 
 |     if (new_bs) { | 
 |         bdrv_unref(new_bs); | 
 |     } | 
 |     g_free(adapter_type); | 
 |     g_free(backing_file); | 
 |     g_free(fmt); | 
 |     g_free(desc); | 
 |     g_free(path); | 
 |     g_free(prefix); | 
 |     g_free(postfix); | 
 |     g_free(desc_line); | 
 |     g_free(ext_filename); | 
 |     g_free(desc_filename); | 
 |     g_free(parent_desc_line); | 
 |     g_string_free(ext_desc_lines, true); | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void vmdk_close(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |  | 
 |     vmdk_free_extents(bs); | 
 |     g_free(s->create_type); | 
 |  | 
 |     migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker); | 
 |     error_free(s->migration_blocker); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_flush(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int i, err; | 
 |     int ret = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { | 
 |         err = bdrv_co_flush(s->extents[i].file->bs); | 
 |         if (err < 0) { | 
 |             ret = err; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int64_t vmdk_get_allocated_file_size(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     int i; | 
 |     int64_t ret = 0; | 
 |     int64_t r; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |  | 
 |     ret = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(bs->file->bs); | 
 |     if (ret < 0) { | 
 |         return ret; | 
 |     } | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { | 
 |         if (s->extents[i].file == bs->file) { | 
 |             continue; | 
 |         } | 
 |         r = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(s->extents[i].file->bs); | 
 |         if (r < 0) { | 
 |             return r; | 
 |         } | 
 |         ret += r; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_has_zero_init(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     int i; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* If has a flat extent and its underlying storage doesn't have zero init, | 
 |      * return 0. */ | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { | 
 |         if (s->extents[i].flat) { | 
 |             if (!bdrv_has_zero_init(s->extents[i].file->bs)) { | 
 |                 return 0; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     return 1; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static ImageInfo *vmdk_get_extent_info(VmdkExtent *extent) | 
 | { | 
 |     ImageInfo *info = g_new0(ImageInfo, 1); | 
 |  | 
 |     *info = (ImageInfo){ | 
 |         .filename         = g_strdup(extent->file->bs->filename), | 
 |         .format           = g_strdup(extent->type), | 
 |         .virtual_size     = extent->sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, | 
 |         .compressed       = extent->compressed, | 
 |         .has_compressed   = extent->compressed, | 
 |         .cluster_size     = extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, | 
 |         .has_cluster_size = !extent->flat, | 
 |     }; | 
 |  | 
 |     return info; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_check(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *result, | 
 |                       BdrvCheckMode fix) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     VmdkExtent *extent = NULL; | 
 |     int64_t sector_num = 0; | 
 |     int64_t total_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs); | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |     uint64_t cluster_offset; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (fix) { | 
 |         return -ENOTSUP; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     for (;;) { | 
 |         if (sector_num >= total_sectors) { | 
 |             return 0; | 
 |         } | 
 |         extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent); | 
 |         if (!extent) { | 
 |             fprintf(stderr, | 
 |                     "ERROR: could not find extent for sector %" PRId64 "\n", | 
 |                     sector_num); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         } | 
 |         ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL, | 
 |                                  sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, | 
 |                                  false, &cluster_offset, 0, 0); | 
 |         if (ret == VMDK_ERROR) { | 
 |             fprintf(stderr, | 
 |                     "ERROR: could not get cluster_offset for sector %" | 
 |                     PRId64 "\n", sector_num); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (ret == VMDK_OK && | 
 |             cluster_offset >= bdrv_getlength(extent->file->bs)) | 
 |         { | 
 |             fprintf(stderr, | 
 |                     "ERROR: cluster offset for sector %" | 
 |                     PRId64 " points after EOF\n", sector_num); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         } | 
 |         sector_num += extent->cluster_sectors; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     result->corruptions++; | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static ImageInfoSpecific *vmdk_get_specific_info(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     int i; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info = g_new0(ImageInfoSpecific, 1); | 
 |     ImageInfoList **next; | 
 |  | 
 |     *spec_info = (ImageInfoSpecific){ | 
 |         .type = IMAGE_INFO_SPECIFIC_KIND_VMDK, | 
 |         { | 
 |             .vmdk = g_new0(ImageInfoSpecificVmdk, 1), | 
 |         }, | 
 |     }; | 
 |  | 
 |     *spec_info->u.vmdk = (ImageInfoSpecificVmdk) { | 
 |         .create_type = g_strdup(s->create_type), | 
 |         .cid = s->cid, | 
 |         .parent_cid = s->parent_cid, | 
 |     }; | 
 |  | 
 |     next = &spec_info->u.vmdk->extents; | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { | 
 |         *next = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1); | 
 |         (*next)->value = vmdk_get_extent_info(&s->extents[i]); | 
 |         (*next)->next = NULL; | 
 |         next = &(*next)->next; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return spec_info; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool vmdk_extents_type_eq(const VmdkExtent *a, const VmdkExtent *b) | 
 | { | 
 |     return a->flat == b->flat && | 
 |            a->compressed == b->compressed && | 
 |            (a->flat || a->cluster_sectors == b->cluster_sectors); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int vmdk_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi) | 
 | { | 
 |     int i; | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     assert(s->num_extents); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* See if we have multiple extents but they have different cases */ | 
 |     for (i = 1; i < s->num_extents; i++) { | 
 |         if (!vmdk_extents_type_eq(&s->extents[0], &s->extents[i])) { | 
 |             return -ENOTSUP; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     bdi->needs_compressed_writes = s->extents[0].compressed; | 
 |     if (!s->extents[0].flat) { | 
 |         bdi->cluster_size = s->extents[0].cluster_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void vmdk_detach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int i; | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { | 
 |         bdrv_detach_aio_context(s->extents[i].file->bs); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void vmdk_attach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs, | 
 |                                     AioContext *new_context) | 
 | { | 
 |     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; | 
 |     int i; | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { | 
 |         bdrv_attach_aio_context(s->extents[i].file->bs, new_context); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static QemuOptsList vmdk_create_opts = { | 
 |     .name = "vmdk-create-opts", | 
 |     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vmdk_create_opts.head), | 
 |     .desc = { | 
 |         { | 
 |             .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, | 
 |             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE, | 
 |             .help = "Virtual disk size" | 
 |         }, | 
 |         { | 
 |             .name = BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE, | 
 |             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING, | 
 |             .help = "Virtual adapter type, can be one of " | 
 |                     "ide (default), lsilogic, buslogic or legacyESX" | 
 |         }, | 
 |         { | 
 |             .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, | 
 |             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING, | 
 |             .help = "File name of a base image" | 
 |         }, | 
 |         { | 
 |             .name = BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6, | 
 |             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL, | 
 |             .help = "VMDK version 6 image", | 
 |             .def_value_str = "off" | 
 |         }, | 
 |         { | 
 |             .name = BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT, | 
 |             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING, | 
 |             .help = | 
 |                 "VMDK flat extent format, can be one of " | 
 |                 "{monolithicSparse (default) | monolithicFlat | twoGbMaxExtentSparse | twoGbMaxExtentFlat | streamOptimized} " | 
 |         }, | 
 |         { | 
 |             .name = BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN, | 
 |             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL, | 
 |             .help = "Enable efficient zero writes " | 
 |                     "using the zeroed-grain GTE feature" | 
 |         }, | 
 |         { /* end of list */ } | 
 |     } | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static BlockDriver bdrv_vmdk = { | 
 |     .format_name                  = "vmdk", | 
 |     .instance_size                = sizeof(BDRVVmdkState), | 
 |     .bdrv_probe                   = vmdk_probe, | 
 |     .bdrv_open                    = vmdk_open, | 
 |     .bdrv_check                   = vmdk_check, | 
 |     .bdrv_reopen_prepare          = vmdk_reopen_prepare, | 
 |     .bdrv_read                    = vmdk_co_read, | 
 |     .bdrv_write                   = vmdk_co_write, | 
 |     .bdrv_write_compressed        = vmdk_write_compressed, | 
 |     .bdrv_co_write_zeroes         = vmdk_co_write_zeroes, | 
 |     .bdrv_close                   = vmdk_close, | 
 |     .bdrv_create                  = vmdk_create, | 
 |     .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk        = vmdk_co_flush, | 
 |     .bdrv_co_get_block_status     = vmdk_co_get_block_status, | 
 |     .bdrv_get_allocated_file_size = vmdk_get_allocated_file_size, | 
 |     .bdrv_has_zero_init           = vmdk_has_zero_init, | 
 |     .bdrv_get_specific_info       = vmdk_get_specific_info, | 
 |     .bdrv_refresh_limits          = vmdk_refresh_limits, | 
 |     .bdrv_get_info                = vmdk_get_info, | 
 |     .bdrv_detach_aio_context      = vmdk_detach_aio_context, | 
 |     .bdrv_attach_aio_context      = vmdk_attach_aio_context, | 
 |  | 
 |     .supports_backing             = true, | 
 |     .create_opts                  = &vmdk_create_opts, | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static void bdrv_vmdk_init(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     bdrv_register(&bdrv_vmdk); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | block_init(bdrv_vmdk_init); |