Google Git
Sign in
qemu-android / qemu-android / refs/heads/qemu-android-2.2 / . / hw / dma / rc4030.c
blob: af2663256ede1c0572ad9ab255cd1a564d6c18ee [file] [log] [blame] [edit]
/*
* QEMU JAZZ RC4030 chipset
*
* Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Herve Poussineau
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#include "hw/hw.h"
#include "hw/mips/mips.h"
#include "qemu/timer.h"
/********************************************************/
/* debug rc4030 */
//#define DEBUG_RC4030
//#define DEBUG_RC4030_DMA
#ifdef DEBUG_RC4030
#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
do { printf("rc4030: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
static const char* irq_names[] = { "parallel", "floppy", "sound", "video",
"network", "scsi", "keyboard", "mouse", "serial0", "serial1" };
#else
#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...)
#endif
#define RC4030_ERROR(fmt, ...) \
do { fprintf(stderr, "rc4030 ERROR: %s: " fmt, __func__ , ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
/********************************************************/
/* rc4030 emulation */
typedef struct dma_pagetable_entry {
int32_t frame;
int32_t owner;
} QEMU_PACKED dma_pagetable_entry;
#define DMA_PAGESIZE 4096
#define DMA_REG_ENABLE 1
#define DMA_REG_COUNT 2
#define DMA_REG_ADDRESS 3
#define DMA_FLAG_ENABLE 0x0001
#define DMA_FLAG_MEM_TO_DEV 0x0002
#define DMA_FLAG_TC_INTR 0x0100
#define DMA_FLAG_MEM_INTR 0x0200
#define DMA_FLAG_ADDR_INTR 0x0400
typedef struct rc4030State
{
uint32_t config; /* 0x0000: RC4030 config register */
uint32_t revision; /* 0x0008: RC4030 Revision register */
uint32_t invalid_address_register; /* 0x0010: Invalid Address register */
/* DMA */
uint32_t dma_regs[8][4];
uint32_t dma_tl_base; /* 0x0018: DMA transl. table base */
uint32_t dma_tl_limit; /* 0x0020: DMA transl. table limit */
/* cache */
uint32_t cache_maint; /* 0x0030: Cache Maintenance */
uint32_t remote_failed_address; /* 0x0038: Remote Failed Address */
uint32_t memory_failed_address; /* 0x0040: Memory Failed Address */
uint32_t cache_ptag; /* 0x0048: I/O Cache Physical Tag */
uint32_t cache_ltag; /* 0x0050: I/O Cache Logical Tag */
uint32_t cache_bmask; /* 0x0058: I/O Cache Byte Mask */
uint32_t nmi_interrupt; /* 0x0200: interrupt source */
uint32_t offset210;
uint32_t nvram_protect; /* 0x0220: NV ram protect register */
uint32_t rem_speed[16];
uint32_t imr_jazz; /* Local bus int enable mask */
uint32_t isr_jazz; /* Local bus int source */
/* timer */
QEMUTimer *periodic_timer;
uint32_t itr; /* Interval timer reload */
qemu_irq timer_irq;
qemu_irq jazz_bus_irq;
MemoryRegion iomem_chipset;
MemoryRegion iomem_jazzio;
} rc4030State;
static void set_next_tick(rc4030State *s)
{
qemu_irq_lower(s->timer_irq);
uint32_t tm_hz;
tm_hz = 1000 / (s->itr + 1);
timer_mod(s->periodic_timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) +
get_ticks_per_sec() / tm_hz);
}
/* called for accesses to rc4030 */
static uint32_t rc4030_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
rc4030State *s = opaque;
uint32_t val;
addr &= 0x3fff;
switch (addr & ~0x3) {
/* Global config register */
case 0x0000:
val = s->config;
break;
/* Revision register */
case 0x0008:
val = s->revision;
break;
/* Invalid Address register */
case 0x0010:
val = s->invalid_address_register;
break;
/* DMA transl. table base */
case 0x0018:
val = s->dma_tl_base;
break;
/* DMA transl. table limit */
case 0x0020:
val = s->dma_tl_limit;
break;
/* Remote Failed Address */
case 0x0038:
val = s->remote_failed_address;
break;
/* Memory Failed Address */
case 0x0040:
val = s->memory_failed_address;
break;
/* I/O Cache Byte Mask */
case 0x0058:
val = s->cache_bmask;
/* HACK */
if (s->cache_bmask == (uint32_t)-1)
s->cache_bmask = 0;
break;
/* Remote Speed Registers */
case 0x0070:
case 0x0078:
case 0x0080:
case 0x0088:
case 0x0090:
case 0x0098:
case 0x00a0:
case 0x00a8:
case 0x00b0:
case 0x00b8:
case 0x00c0:
case 0x00c8:
case 0x00d0:
case 0x00d8:
case 0x00e0:
case 0x00e8:
val = s->rem_speed[(addr - 0x0070) >> 3];
break;
/* DMA channel base address */
case 0x0100:
case 0x0108:
case 0x0110:
case 0x0118:
case 0x0120:
case 0x0128:
case 0x0130:
case 0x0138:
case 0x0140:
case 0x0148:
case 0x0150:
case 0x0158:
case 0x0160:
case 0x0168:
case 0x0170:
case 0x0178:
case 0x0180:
case 0x0188:
case 0x0190:
case 0x0198:
case 0x01a0:
case 0x01a8:
case 0x01b0:
case 0x01b8:
case 0x01c0:
case 0x01c8:
case 0x01d0:
case 0x01d8:
case 0x01e0:
case 0x01e8:
case 0x01f0:
case 0x01f8:
{
int entry = (addr - 0x0100) >> 5;
int idx = (addr & 0x1f) >> 3;
val = s->dma_regs[entry][idx];
}
break;
/* Interrupt source */
case 0x0200:
val = s->nmi_interrupt;
break;
/* Error type */
case 0x0208:
val = 0;
break;
/* Offset 0x0210 */
case 0x0210:
val = s->offset210;
break;
/* NV ram protect register */
case 0x0220:
val = s->nvram_protect;
break;
/* Interval timer count */
case 0x0230:
val = 0;
qemu_irq_lower(s->timer_irq);
break;
/* EISA interrupt */
case 0x0238:
val = 7; /* FIXME: should be read from EISA controller */
break;
default:
RC4030_ERROR("invalid read [" TARGET_FMT_plx "]\n", addr);
val = 0;
break;
}
if ((addr & ~3) != 0x230) {
DPRINTF("read 0x%02x at " TARGET_FMT_plx "\n", val, addr);
}
return val;
}
static uint32_t rc4030_readw(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
uint32_t v = rc4030_readl(opaque, addr & ~0x3);
if (addr & 0x2)
return v >> 16;
else
return v & 0xffff;
}
static uint32_t rc4030_readb(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
uint32_t v = rc4030_readl(opaque, addr & ~0x3);
return (v >> (8 * (addr & 0x3))) & 0xff;
}
static void rc4030_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val)
{
rc4030State *s = opaque;
addr &= 0x3fff;
DPRINTF("write 0x%02x at " TARGET_FMT_plx "\n", val, addr);
switch (addr & ~0x3) {
/* Global config register */
case 0x0000:
s->config = val;
break;
/* DMA transl. table base */
case 0x0018:
s->dma_tl_base = val;
break;
/* DMA transl. table limit */
case 0x0020:
s->dma_tl_limit = val;
break;
/* DMA transl. table invalidated */
case 0x0028:
break;
/* Cache Maintenance */
case 0x0030:
s->cache_maint = val;
break;
/* I/O Cache Physical Tag */
case 0x0048:
s->cache_ptag = val;
break;
/* I/O Cache Logical Tag */
case 0x0050:
s->cache_ltag = val;
break;
/* I/O Cache Byte Mask */
case 0x0058:
s->cache_bmask |= val; /* HACK */
break;
/* I/O Cache Buffer Window */
case 0x0060:
/* HACK */
if (s->cache_ltag == 0x80000001 && s->cache_bmask == 0xf0f0f0f) {
hwaddr dest = s->cache_ptag & ~0x1;
dest += (s->cache_maint & 0x3) << 3;
cpu_physical_memory_write(dest, &val, 4);
}
break;
/* Remote Speed Registers */
case 0x0070:
case 0x0078:
case 0x0080:
case 0x0088:
case 0x0090:
case 0x0098:
case 0x00a0:
case 0x00a8:
case 0x00b0:
case 0x00b8:
case 0x00c0:
case 0x00c8:
case 0x00d0:
case 0x00d8:
case 0x00e0:
case 0x00e8:
s->rem_speed[(addr - 0x0070) >> 3] = val;
break;
/* DMA channel base address */
case 0x0100:
case 0x0108:
case 0x0110:
case 0x0118:
case 0x0120:
case 0x0128:
case 0x0130:
case 0x0138:
case 0x0140:
case 0x0148:
case 0x0150:
case 0x0158:
case 0x0160:
case 0x0168:
case 0x0170:
case 0x0178:
case 0x0180:
case 0x0188:
case 0x0190:
case 0x0198:
case 0x01a0:
case 0x01a8:
case 0x01b0:
case 0x01b8:
case 0x01c0:
case 0x01c8:
case 0x01d0:
case 0x01d8:
case 0x01e0:
case 0x01e8:
case 0x01f0:
case 0x01f8:
{
int entry = (addr - 0x0100) >> 5;
int idx = (addr & 0x1f) >> 3;
s->dma_regs[entry][idx] = val;
}
break;
/* Offset 0x0210 */
case 0x0210:
s->offset210 = val;
break;
/* Interval timer reload */
case 0x0228:
s->itr = val;
qemu_irq_lower(s->timer_irq);
set_next_tick(s);
break;
/* EISA interrupt */
case 0x0238:
break;
default:
RC4030_ERROR("invalid write of 0x%02x at [" TARGET_FMT_plx "]\n", val, addr);
break;
}
}
static void rc4030_writew(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val)
{
uint32_t old_val = rc4030_readl(opaque, addr & ~0x3);
if (addr & 0x2)
val = (val << 16) | (old_val & 0x0000ffff);
else
val = val | (old_val & 0xffff0000);
rc4030_writel(opaque, addr & ~0x3, val);
}
static void rc4030_writeb(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val)
{
uint32_t old_val = rc4030_readl(opaque, addr & ~0x3);
switch (addr & 3) {
case 0:
val = val | (old_val & 0xffffff00);
break;
case 1:
val = (val << 8) | (old_val & 0xffff00ff);
break;
case 2:
val = (val << 16) | (old_val & 0xff00ffff);
break;
case 3:
val = (val << 24) | (old_val & 0x00ffffff);
break;
}
rc4030_writel(opaque, addr & ~0x3, val);
}
static const MemoryRegionOps rc4030_ops = {
.old_mmio = {
.read = { rc4030_readb, rc4030_readw, rc4030_readl, },
.write = { rc4030_writeb, rc4030_writew, rc4030_writel, },
},
.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
};
static void update_jazz_irq(rc4030State *s)
{
uint16_t pending;
pending = s->isr_jazz & s->imr_jazz;
#ifdef DEBUG_RC4030
if (s->isr_jazz != 0) {
uint32_t irq = 0;
DPRINTF("pending irqs:");
for (irq = 0; irq < ARRAY_SIZE(irq_names); irq++) {
if (s->isr_jazz & (1 << irq)) {
printf(" %s", irq_names[irq]);
if (!(s->imr_jazz & (1 << irq))) {
printf("(ignored)");
}
}
}
printf("\n");
}
#endif
if (pending != 0)
qemu_irq_raise(s->jazz_bus_irq);
else
qemu_irq_lower(s->jazz_bus_irq);
}
static void rc4030_irq_jazz_request(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
{
rc4030State *s = opaque;
if (level) {
s->isr_jazz |= 1 << irq;
} else {
s->isr_jazz &= ~(1 << irq);
}
update_jazz_irq(s);
}
static void rc4030_periodic_timer(void *opaque)
{
rc4030State *s = opaque;
set_next_tick(s);
qemu_irq_raise(s->timer_irq);
}
static uint32_t jazzio_readw(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
rc4030State *s = opaque;
uint32_t val;
uint32_t irq;
addr &= 0xfff;
switch (addr) {
/* Local bus int source */
case 0x00: {
uint32_t pending = s->isr_jazz & s->imr_jazz;
val = 0;
irq = 0;
while (pending) {
if (pending & 1) {
DPRINTF("returning irq %s\n", irq_names[irq]);
val = (irq + 1) << 2;
break;
}
irq++;
pending >>= 1;
}
break;
}
/* Local bus int enable mask */
case 0x02:
val = s->imr_jazz;
break;
default:
RC4030_ERROR("(jazz io controller) invalid read [" TARGET_FMT_plx "]\n", addr);
val = 0;
}
DPRINTF("(jazz io controller) read 0x%04x at " TARGET_FMT_plx "\n", val, addr);
return val;
}
static uint32_t jazzio_readb(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
uint32_t v;
v = jazzio_readw(opaque, addr & ~0x1);
return (v >> (8 * (addr & 0x1))) & 0xff;
}
static uint32_t jazzio_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
uint32_t v;
v = jazzio_readw(opaque, addr);
v |= jazzio_readw(opaque, addr + 2) << 16;
return v;
}
static void jazzio_writew(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val)
{
rc4030State *s = opaque;
addr &= 0xfff;
DPRINTF("(jazz io controller) write 0x%04x at " TARGET_FMT_plx "\n", val, addr);
switch (addr) {
/* Local bus int enable mask */
case 0x02:
s->imr_jazz = val;
update_jazz_irq(s);
break;
default:
RC4030_ERROR("(jazz io controller) invalid write of 0x%04x at [" TARGET_FMT_plx "]\n", val, addr);
break;
}
}
static void jazzio_writeb(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val)
{
uint32_t old_val = jazzio_readw(opaque, addr & ~0x1);
switch (addr & 1) {
case 0:
val = val | (old_val & 0xff00);
break;
case 1:
val = (val << 8) | (old_val & 0x00ff);
break;
}
jazzio_writew(opaque, addr & ~0x1, val);
}
static void jazzio_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val)
{
jazzio_writew(opaque, addr, val & 0xffff);
jazzio_writew(opaque, addr + 2, (val >> 16) & 0xffff);
}
static const MemoryRegionOps jazzio_ops = {
.old_mmio = {
.read = { jazzio_readb, jazzio_readw, jazzio_readl, },
.write = { jazzio_writeb, jazzio_writew, jazzio_writel, },
},
.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
};
static void rc4030_reset(void *opaque)
{
rc4030State *s = opaque;
int i;
s->config = 0x410; /* some boards seem to accept 0x104 too */
s->revision = 1;
s->invalid_address_register = 0;
memset(s->dma_regs, 0, sizeof(s->dma_regs));
s->dma_tl_base = s->dma_tl_limit = 0;
s->remote_failed_address = s->memory_failed_address = 0;
s->cache_maint = 0;
s->cache_ptag = s->cache_ltag = 0;
s->cache_bmask = 0;
s->offset210 = 0x18186;
s->nvram_protect = 7;
for (i = 0; i < 15; i++)
s->rem_speed[i] = 7;
s->imr_jazz = 0x10; /* XXX: required by firmware, but why? */
s->isr_jazz = 0;
s->itr = 0;
qemu_irq_lower(s->timer_irq);
qemu_irq_lower(s->jazz_bus_irq);
}
static int rc4030_load(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque, int version_id)
{
rc4030State* s = opaque;
int i, j;
if (version_id != 2)
return -EINVAL;
s->config = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->invalid_address_register = qemu_get_be32(f);
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
s->dma_regs[i][j] = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->dma_tl_base = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->dma_tl_limit = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->cache_maint = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->remote_failed_address = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->memory_failed_address = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->cache_ptag = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->cache_ltag = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->cache_bmask = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->offset210 = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->nvram_protect = qemu_get_be32(f);
for (i = 0; i < 15; i++)
s->rem_speed[i] = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->imr_jazz = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->isr_jazz = qemu_get_be32(f);
s->itr = qemu_get_be32(f);
set_next_tick(s);
update_jazz_irq(s);
return 0;
}
static void rc4030_save(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque)
{
rc4030State* s = opaque;
int i, j;
qemu_put_be32(f, s->config);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->invalid_address_register);
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
qemu_put_be32(f, s->dma_regs[i][j]);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->dma_tl_base);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->dma_tl_limit);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->cache_maint);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->remote_failed_address);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->memory_failed_address);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->cache_ptag);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->cache_ltag);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->cache_bmask);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->offset210);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->nvram_protect);
for (i = 0; i < 15; i++)
qemu_put_be32(f, s->rem_speed[i]);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->imr_jazz);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->isr_jazz);
qemu_put_be32(f, s->itr);
}
void rc4030_dma_memory_rw(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint8_t *buf, int len, int is_write)
{
rc4030State *s = opaque;
hwaddr entry_addr;
hwaddr phys_addr;
dma_pagetable_entry entry;
int index;
int ncpy, i;
i = 0;
for (;;) {
if (i == len) {
break;
}
ncpy = DMA_PAGESIZE - (addr & (DMA_PAGESIZE - 1));
if (ncpy > len - i)
ncpy = len - i;
/* Get DMA translation table entry */
index = addr / DMA_PAGESIZE;
if (index >= s->dma_tl_limit / sizeof(dma_pagetable_entry)) {
break;
}
entry_addr = s->dma_tl_base + index * sizeof(dma_pagetable_entry);
/* XXX: not sure. should we really use only lowest bits? */
entry_addr &= 0x7fffffff;
cpu_physical_memory_read(entry_addr, &entry, sizeof(entry));
/* Read/write data at right place */
phys_addr = entry.frame + (addr & (DMA_PAGESIZE - 1));
cpu_physical_memory_rw(phys_addr, &buf[i], ncpy, is_write);
i += ncpy;
addr += ncpy;
}
}
static void rc4030_do_dma(void *opaque, int n, uint8_t *buf, int len, int is_write)
{
rc4030State *s = opaque;
hwaddr dma_addr;
int dev_to_mem;
s->dma_regs[n][DMA_REG_ENABLE] &= ~(DMA_FLAG_TC_INTR | DMA_FLAG_MEM_INTR | DMA_FLAG_ADDR_INTR);
/* Check DMA channel consistency */
dev_to_mem = (s->dma_regs[n][DMA_REG_ENABLE] & DMA_FLAG_MEM_TO_DEV) ? 0 : 1;
if (!(s->dma_regs[n][DMA_REG_ENABLE] & DMA_FLAG_ENABLE) ||
(is_write != dev_to_mem)) {
s->dma_regs[n][DMA_REG_ENABLE] |= DMA_FLAG_MEM_INTR;
s->nmi_interrupt |= 1 << n;
return;
}
/* Get start address and len */
if (len > s->dma_regs[n][DMA_REG_COUNT])
len = s->dma_regs[n][DMA_REG_COUNT];
dma_addr = s->dma_regs[n][DMA_REG_ADDRESS];
/* Read/write data at right place */
rc4030_dma_memory_rw(opaque, dma_addr, buf, len, is_write);
s->dma_regs[n][DMA_REG_ENABLE] |= DMA_FLAG_TC_INTR;
s->dma_regs[n][DMA_REG_COUNT] -= len;
#ifdef DEBUG_RC4030_DMA
{
int i, j;
printf("rc4030 dma: Copying %d bytes %s host %p\n",
len, is_write ? "from" : "to", buf);
for (i = 0; i < len; i += 16) {
int n = 16;
if (n > len - i) {
n = len - i;
}
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
printf("%02x ", buf[i + j]);
while (j++ < 16)
printf(" ");
printf("| ");
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
printf("%c", isprint(buf[i + j]) ? buf[i + j] : '.');
printf("\n");
}
}
#endif
}
struct rc4030DMAState {
void *opaque;
int n;
};
void rc4030_dma_read(void *dma, uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
rc4030_dma s = dma;
rc4030_do_dma(s->opaque, s->n, buf, len, 0);
}
void rc4030_dma_write(void *dma, uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
rc4030_dma s = dma;
rc4030_do_dma(s->opaque, s->n, buf, len, 1);
}
static rc4030_dma *rc4030_allocate_dmas(void *opaque, int n)
{
rc4030_dma *s;
struct rc4030DMAState *p;
int i;
s = (rc4030_dma *)g_malloc0(sizeof(rc4030_dma) * n);
p = (struct rc4030DMAState *)g_malloc0(sizeof(struct rc4030DMAState) * n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
p->opaque = opaque;
p->n = i;
s[i] = p;
p++;
}
return s;
}
void *rc4030_init(qemu_irq timer, qemu_irq jazz_bus,
qemu_irq **irqs, rc4030_dma **dmas,
MemoryRegion *sysmem)
{
rc4030State *s;
s = g_malloc0(sizeof(rc4030State));
*irqs = qemu_allocate_irqs(rc4030_irq_jazz_request, s, 16);
*dmas = rc4030_allocate_dmas(s, 4);
s->periodic_timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, rc4030_periodic_timer, s);
s->timer_irq = timer;
s->jazz_bus_irq = jazz_bus;
qemu_register_reset(rc4030_reset, s);
register_savevm(NULL, "rc4030", 0, 2, rc4030_save, rc4030_load, s);
rc4030_reset(s);
memory_region_init_io(&s->iomem_chipset, NULL, &rc4030_ops, s,
"rc4030.chipset", 0x300);
memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x80000000, &s->iomem_chipset);
memory_region_init_io(&s->iomem_jazzio, NULL, &jazzio_ops, s,
"rc4030.jazzio", 0x00001000);
memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0xf0000000, &s->iomem_jazzio);
return s;
}